机械加工及其夹具设计

机械加工及其夹具设计(中文3800字,英文2100字)
机械加工是所有制造过程中最普遍使用的而且是最重要的方法。机械加工过程是一个产生形状的过程，在这过程中，驱动装置使工件上的一些材料以切屑的形式被去除。尽管在某些场合，工件无承受情况下，使用移动式装备来实现加工，但大多数的机械加工是通过既支承工件又支承刀具的装备来完成。
机械加工方法大致有以下几种情况： 
（1）用车、铣、刨、钻、磨等通用机床加工零件，然后进行必要的钳工修配，装配成各种组合零件。  
（2）精度要求高的零件，只用普通机床加工难以保证高的加工精度，因而需要采用精密机床进行加工。 
（3）为了使零件特别是形状复杂的凸模、凹模型孔和型腔的加工更趋自动化，减少钳工修配的工作量，需采用数控机床(如三坐标数控铣床、加工中心、数控磨床等设备)加工零件。
机械加工过程中具备两方面。小批生产低费用。对于铸造、锻造和压力加工，每一个要生产的具体工件形状，即使是一个零件，几乎都要花费高额的加工费用。靠焊接来产生的结构形状，在很大程度上取决于有效的原材料的形式。一般来说，通过利用贵重设备而又无需特种加工条件下，几乎可以以任何种类原材料开始，借助机械加工把原材料加工成任意所需要的结构形状，只要外部尺寸足够大，那都是可能的。因此对于生产一个零件，甚至当零件结构及要生产的批量大小上按原来都适于用铸造、锻造或者压力加工来生产的，但通常宁可选择机械加工。
 
Mechanical processing and fixture design
Have a shape as a processing method, all machining process for the production of the most commonly used and most important method. Machining process is a process generated shape, in this process, Drivers device on the work piece material to be in the form of chip removal. Although in some occasions, the workpiece under no circumstances, the use of mobile equipment to the processing, However, the majority of the machining is not only supporting the workpiece also supporting tools and equipment to complete.
Machining methods roughly in the following situations:
1) vehicles, milling, planing, drilling, grinding and other general machining parts, and then necessary bench repair, assembly into component parts.
2) high precision parts, only ordinary machining to ensure high machining accuracy, and thus requires the use of precision machine tools for processing.
3) in order to make parts especially complex shape punch and concave model hole and cavity machining becomes more automated, reduce fitter repair workload, requires the use of CNC machine tools (such as three coordinate CNC milling machine, machining center, NC grinder equipment processing parts.