基于单片机的红外万能遥控器的设计

基于单片机的红外万能遥控器的设计(任务书,外文翻译,论文13900字)
摘  要
得益于科学技术的进步，电器产品已经在生活中无处不在。如电视，空调，电风扇，热水器这些产品，都需要遥控器。生活中常见的普通遥控器，采用了在遥控器内部预先存放固定编码的方法，导致一款遥控器只可以匹配单一型号的电器。家用电器品种繁多，问题随之而来，这么多遥控器，管理起来很麻烦。在这种情况下，人们希望生产出可以学习其他遥控器编码的遥控器来取代以往的普通遥控器。
本课题设计了一种基于单片机工作且适用于38KHZ载波的学习型遥控器。当有遥控信号输入的时侯，先利用红外一体化接收头对其进行接收，处理信号后输出给单片机。再利用单片机内部的定时器，记录这个信号的脉冲宽度，储存在EEPROM中。发射时，读取存储的红外编码，模拟38KHZ载波，将二者调制后，从单片机输出至由三极管驱动的红外发光二极管发射出去。以此来实现学习其他遥控编码的功能。
本基于单片机的红外学习型遥控器支持多种基于38KHZ载波的遥控编码格式，如NEC，KONKA KK-Y261，JVC，ITT等。之所以可以做到这点，有两方面原因：1．我所使用的红外一体化接收头只接收38KHZ载频的信号，其他载频信号过滤掉。2．我通过软件设计了单片机从检测到遥控码输入就开始记录输入信号脉宽，直到检测到没有信号输入单片机后停止记录，完成学习信号过程。本遥控器拥有一个切换键，可支持最多4套编码，13个功能按键，一套编码至多可以记忆13个按键，一共支持学习52个按键。
关键词：单片机  红外一体化接收头  三极管  驱动  
Design of Universal Remote Controller Based on MCU
Abstract
With the development of science and technology, electronic products have been everywhere in the life. Television, air conditioning, electric fans, water heaters... These products all need remote controller. Common remote controller in the life presets fixed code in it self, these remote controllers can only control a single model of electrical appliances. With the num of home appliances growing, the problem follows. There are so many remote controllers, management is very troublesome. In this case, people put forward the assumption that there is a remote controller that can learn other remote control code signal to replace the normal remote controller.
This paper designs a learning remote controller based on MCU. It is suitable for remote code signal on 38KHZ carrier. When remote signal inputs in, the infrared integrated receiver receives it, then output to microcontroller. The microcontroller timer will record the pulse width of the output signal and store in the microcontroller. When launching, software will modulate the infrared coding signals with the 38KHZ carrier simulated by microcontroller timer. Then the transistor will drive infrared light emitting diode to send the modulated signal. This is the process of realization of the signal learning function.
The infrared learning remote controller based on microcontroller supports a variety of remote coding formats based on 38KHZ carrier, such as NEC, KK-Y261 JVC, KONKA, ITT, etc. We can do this for two reasons: 1.The infrared integration receiving head I use can only receives signal on 38kHz carrier. 2. By the software design, I set that the MCU records the pulse width of the input signal since it detects input of remote control code. When there is no signal inputs in, the microcontroller stops recording. Then quit the learning process. The remote controller has a switching key, which supports up to 4 sets of coding. 13 feature buttons, a set of encoding can support up to 13 keys. Totally supports 52 buttons.
Keywords: MCU; the infrared integration receiving head; transistor;drive
 

目  录
摘  要    I
ABSTRACT    II
第一章  绪 论    1
1.1  课题背景与研究意义    1
1.1.1  历史背景    1
1.1.2  研究现状    1
1.1.3  研究意义    2
1.2  课题研究内容    2
1.2.1  基本要求    2
1.2.2  具体要求    2
第二章  红外万能遥控器原理    4
2.1  红外线原理    4
2.1.1  红外线介绍    4
2.1.2  红外线在通信中优势    4
2.2  红外线遥控编码介绍    4
2.3  红外线调制/解调原理    5
2.4  发射原理    7
2.5  接收原理    7
第三章  红外万能遥控器设计方案    8
3.1  硬件部分设计方案    8
3.2  软件部分设计方案    9
第四章  红外万能遥控器的硬件设计详解    11
4.1  红外遥控器总电路设计    11
4.2  单片机最小系统详解    12
4.2.1  CPU时钟电路    13
4.2.2  复位电路    13
4.2.3  单片机内部EEPROM    13
4.3  键盘电路    14
4.3.1  矩阵键盘电路图    14
4.3.2  键连击现象的克服和处理    14
4.4 红外接收电路    15
4.5  指示灯电路    17
4.6  红外发射电路    18
4.6.1 红外发射电路原理图    18
4.6.2 红外发光二极管I-U特性    18
第五章 红外万能遥控器软件设计详解    20
5.1  主程序    20
5.2  EEPROM读/写/寻址程序    22
5.3  延时程序    22
5.4  红外发射初始化/发射程序    23
5.5  红外接收初始化/接收程序    24
5.6  键盘扫描/键值处理程序    25
第六章  红外遥控的调试与仿真    27
6.1  软件调试    27
6.2  硬件电路仿真    28
6.3  调试中遇到的问题和解决方法    29
6.3.1  单片机选择    29
6.3.2  定时器部分    29
6.3.3  键盘部分    29
结  语    30
参考文献    31
致  谢    32