J2ME和Java领域(含外文出处)

J2ME和JAVA领域(含外文出处)(中文3700字,英文2800字)
作者姓名：Joshua Bloch
文章出处：《Effective JAVA》
摘要：本文简要的介绍了J2ME和JAVA领域的概念，并将这些抽象概念以简明的语言阐述，讲的深入浅出，内容系统全面。
关键字：J2ME JAVA 编程

1．介绍
20世纪70年代以来随着计算机革命的开始，对计算机先进软件的需求大大增加，从而可以充分利用功能日益增强的精密的计算机的处理数据的能力。C编程语言逐渐成为支柱，使程序员开发软件像计算机运行一样流畅。
80年代以来，程序员又目睹了编程语言领域的又一次变革的高潮。C语言的编程能力已经不能满足计算机的技术发展的需要。这问题并不是新问题。它造成了一代又一代的编程语言的新老更替。问题是，它使得程序设计过于复杂，从而使计算机软件的设计，编写和开发落后于硬件的发展。就是这个时候，两种基于设计概念的编程语言Simula 67和Smalltalk （从上世纪60年代末）带来了接近编程语言未来前景的循序渐进的步骤。这期间，当面向对象编程（OOP），与它一种新的编程语言，所谓的C + +在程序员中掀起了一场风暴。
1979年，Bjarne Stroustrup的在新泽西州的贝尔实验室增强了C 语言，使其具有面向对象的特点即所谓的C++语言 （++是C编程语言增强的承载符号）。 C++是一个真正的提高的C编程语言，它开始是一种前置语言，该计划最初是一种编译工具。Stroustrup建立类的概念（借用了Simula 67和Smalltalk 中的概念），由类则可以创建实例对象。一个类包含数据成员和定义对象数据和功能的成员函数。他还介绍了继承的概念，使一类继承其他一个或多个类的部分或全部数据成员或成员函数，职能由一个或多个其他类别-所有这些概念就是面向对象的编程。

Java 2 Micro Edition and the World of JAVA

1 Introduction
The computer revolution of the 1970s increased the demand for sophisticated computersoftware to take advantage of the ever-increasing capacity of computers to process data.The C programming language became the linchpin that enabled programmers to buildsoftware that was just as robust as the computer it ran on.
As the 1980s approached, programmers were witnessing another spurt in the evolutionof programming language. Computer technology advanced beyond the capabilities of the C programming language. The problem wasn’t new. It occurred previously and caused the demise of generations of programming languages. The problem was thatprograms were becoming too complicated to design, write, and manage to keep up with the capabilities of computers. It was around this time that a design concept based on Simula 67 and Smalltalk (from the late 1960s) moved programming to the next evolutionary step. This was the period when object-oriented programming (OOP), and with it a new programming language called C++, took programmers by storm.