方程式赛车的空气动力制动装置

方程式赛车的空气动力制动装置(中文5200字,英文3600字)
摘要：
在过去的几年里，在方程式赛车锦标赛中，空气动力作为一项性能参数已经达到了一个前所未有的更重要的姿态。在过去的四个赛季，红牛赛车技术人员以产生最佳压力为具体目标设计了他们的一级方程式赛车，这关系到汽车的瞬时设置。然而，这种极端的研究更高压力会使当一辆车行驶在另一辆车的后面时带来一些负面影响；事实上，众所周知，在这种情况下，气动是不安全的，而且很难追上领先的汽车。为了简单地解决这个问题，一级方程式赛车引进了减阻系统（DRS）2011，一个位于尾翼的调节瓣；如果它是扁平的，那么可以减少压力，显著增加速度，因此，赶上领先的汽车的机会也会增大。相反，当皮瓣关闭，它保证了更高的抓地力，这是非常有用的，尤其是在中等速度慢转的时候。这虽然可以保持压力在尾翼，但是，通过从增加顶部速度，转移到增加在中间和缓慢的抓地力速度曲线，我们决定研究一个和DRS类似的装置，但会伴随负面影响。目的是设计一套集成在尾翼的空气动力制动装置。需要注意的是，这个项目的理念是在机翼上表面（高压侧）进行雕刻一系列的“C”形腔，通常会被足够的滑动板覆盖。当他们被发现时，在开始制动阶段，这些空洞会产生湍流和额外增加的下压力，减轻在制动系统上的负载，并允许驾驶员大幅减少延误和延误制动。因为似乎在被FIA 1级方程式锦标赛采用的规则中规定，不允许使用这样的装置，它已经被应用于四级方程式赛车。本文描述了这个设计，并使用商用计算流体力学软件分析了这些在一个标准的翼腔上的细节的影响。
关键词：气动制动器;腔;动效应;流体动力学仿真

Aerodynamic Brake for Formula Cars
Abstract: In the last years, in formula racing cars championships, the aerodynamic had reached an ever more important stance as a performance parameter. In the last four seasons, Red Bull Racing Technical Officer had designed their Formula 1 car with the specific aim to generate the optimal down force, in relation to the car instantaneous setup. However, this extreme research of  higher down force brings some negative effects when a car is within the wake of another car; indeed, it is well known that under these condition the aerodynamic is disturbed, and it  makes difficult to overtake the leading car. To partially remedy this problem, Formula 1 regulations introduced the Drag Reduction System (DRS) in 2011, which was an adjustable flap located on the rear wing; if it is flattened, allowing to reduce the down force, increasing significantly the velocity and, therefore, the chances to overtake the leading car. Vice versa, when the flap is closed, it ensures a higher grip, which is very useful especially in medium-slow speed turns.  Keeping the focus on the rear wing, but by shifting attention from the increased top speed to increase the grip in the middle and slow speed curves, we decided to study a similar device to the DRS, but with the opposite effect. The aim is to design an aerodynamic brake integrated with the rear wing. In particular, the project idea was to sculpt, on the upper surface of the wing (pressure side), a series of "C" shaped cavity, normally covered by adequate sliding panels. These cavities, when they are discovered, at the beginning of the braking phase, produce a turbulence and additional increase down force, lightening the load on the braking system and allowing the pilot to substantially reduce slippage and to delay the braking. Since it seems that the regulations adopted by the FIA  Formula 1 Championship do not allow such a device, it has been decided to  apply the concept on a Formula 4 vehicle. This paper describes the design and  analyzes the effects of these details on a standard wing cavity, using CFD software.
Keywords: Aerodynamic Brake; Cavity; Dynamic Effects; Fluid Dynamic Simulation