汽车半轴的机械加工设计(PLC控制系统)

汽车半轴的机械加工设计(包含任务书,开题报告,论文说明书14000字,cad图纸,CAXA图纸)
摘 要
本次设计主要任务是对解放牌汽车半轴端部三个孔进行的钻、扩、铰加工，以及四个工位的卧式组合机床的设计，主要完成是组合机床三图一卡和多轴箱的设计，另加一套随行夹具的设计，组合机床电气液压系统部分的控制。
组合机床是根据工件加工需要，由大量通用的部件为基础，配以少量的专用部件组成的一种高效专用机床。它的加工工序集中，它能够实现对一种零件进行多刀、多轴、多面、多工位的自动加工。在机床上可以进行钻孔、扩孔、铰孔以及倒角、切槽、攻螺纹、滚压孔等，也可以进行平面加工，包括铣平面、刮平面、端面等工序。其生产率高，加工精度稳定，研制周期短，便于设计，制造和使用维护，成本低等特点广泛应用在生产中。
本次设计除要对组合机床的机械本体部分进行设计，同时还对组合机床的液压系统和电气系统进行设计，根据指导老师的要求，在这里我采用PLC程序对机床进行控制。其中在说明书中具体写了卡具设计步骤以及夹紧力的计算，选用标准参数选取零件，在通过强度计算保证整个卡具在工作中的稳定性。
液压系统的设计主要是满足机床的动作要求来设计出的系统,我认真计算了液压系统的活塞总压力，计算了液压缸结构尺寸以及工作压力，油泵的工作的实际压力。对液压泵电机进行选择。
电气系统的设计就是运用机电传动的知识，即PLC系统进行控制，PLC控制系统我采用西门子系统实现的机床动作。

关键词：液压缸；液压滑台；弯曲成形；机电液

Abstract
This design primary mission is carries on to the liberation trademark automobile rear axle nose three holes drills, expands, the articulation processing, as well as four locations horizontal type aggregate machine-tools design, mainly completes is an aggregate machine-tool three charts card and the multi- axle-boxes design, adds separately a set to accompany the jig the design, the aggregate machine-tool electricity hydraulic system partial controls.
The aggregate machine-tool is according to the work piece processing need, by the massive general parts is the foundation, matches one kind of highly effective special purpose machine which composes by the few special-purpose parts. Its processing working procedure is centralized, it can realize to one kind of components carries on the multi- knives, multiple spindle, the multi- surface, the multi-locations automatic processing. May carry on the drill hole on the engine bed, drill out, reams as well as the bevel edge, the grooving, the tapping, rollings the hole and so on, also may carry on the plane processing, including working procedure and so on mill plane, plane of surface scraping, end surface. Its productivity high, processing precision stable, the development cycle is short, is advantageous for the design, the manufacture and the use maintenance, the cost low status characteristic widespread application in the production.
This design except must partially carry on the design to the aggregate machine-tool mechanical main body, meanwhile carries on the design to the aggregate machine-tool hydraulic system and the electrical system, according to instructs teacher's request, uses PLC in here me to carryon the control to the engine bed. Has written the clamping apparatus design procedure specifically in the instruction booklet as well as clamps the strength the computation, selects the standard parameters election components, in through strength calculation guarantee entire clamping apparatus in work stability.
The hydraulic system design mainly satisfies the system which the engine bed the movement requests to design, I have earnestly calculated the hydraulic system piston general pressure, has calculated the hydraulic cylinder structure size as well
as the working pressure, the oil pump work actual pressure. Carries on the choice to the hydraulic pump electrical machinery.
The electrical system design is the utilization mechanical and electrical transmission knowledge, namely the PLC system carries on the control, the PLC control system I uses the Simens system realization the engine bed movement.

Key word: Hydraulic cylinder；hydraulic pressure sliding table；curving forming；machine battery solution

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目  录
摘要 …………………………………………………………………………………………Ι
Abstract ………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ
前言 …………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅲ
第1章    汽车半轴的机械加工…………………………………………………………………1
1.1确定生产纲领、生产类型、工艺特征…………………………………………………1
1.2确定毛坯及材料的选择 ……………………………………………………………… 1
1.2.1查阅资料可知零件的技术要求及结构工艺性……………………………………1
1.2.2、确定毛坯及材料的选择 …………………………………………………………1
1.2.3确定工艺路线………………………………………………………………………2
第2章 组合机床方案的制订…………………………………………………………………4
2.1影响组合机床方案制定的主要因素 ………………………………………………… 4
2.1.1被加工零件的加工精度……………………………………………………………4
2.1.2被加工零件的特点…………………………………………………………………4
2.1.3零件的生产批量……………………………………………………………………4
2.1.4机床使用条件………………………………………………………………………4
2.2组合机床制定工艺方案应考虑的问题 ……………………………………………… 4
2.2.1工艺方案的原则……………………………………………………………………4
2.2.2工序集中与分散的处理……………………………………………………………5
第3章 组合机床三图一卡具体设计…………………………………………………………7
3.1被加工零件工序的作用及内容 ……………………………………………………… 7
3.2被加工零件工序图 …………………………………………………………………… 7
3.3加工示意图 …………………………………………………………………………… 8
3.3.1加工示意图的作用和内容…………………………………………………………8
3.3.2加工示意图的画法及注意事项……………………………………………………8
3.3.3初定主轴类型、尺寸、外伸长度和选择接杆……………………………………9
3.3.4确定各工序的切削用量 …………………………………………………………10
3.4机床联系尺寸总图…………………………………………………………………… 13
3.4.1联系尺寸总图的作用与内容 ……………………………………………………13
3.4.2绘制机床联系尺寸总图之前应确定的主要内容 ………………………………14
3.5机床生产率计算卡…………………………………………………………………… 14
第4章  组合机床主轴箱的设计……………………………………………………………16
4.1绘制多轴箱设计的原始依据………………………………………………………… 16
4.2主轴、齿轮的确定…………………………………………………………………… 16
4.3多轴箱传动设计……………………………………………………………………… 17
4.3.1本次设计对多轴箱传动系统的一般要求 ………………………………………17
4.3.2参照所画主轴箱图，其传动树……………………………………………………17
4.3.3润滑泵轴和手柄轴的安置 ………………………………………………………18
4.4主轴的坐标位置……………………………………………………………………… 18
第5章  随行卡具的设计……………………………………………………………………19
5.1机床夹具设计………………………………………………………………………… 19
5.1.1机床夹具概论 ……………………………………………………………………19
5.1.2确定工件的夹紧方式和设计夹紧装置以及卡紧力计算 ………………………20
第6章  液压系统的设计……………………………………………………………………21
6.1液压系统图的设计及说明…………………………………………………………… 21
6.2液压系统计算………………………………………………………………………… 23
6.2.1 液压缸设计计算步骤…………………………………………………………… 23
6.2.2液压缸性能参数的计算 …………………………………………………………23
第7章  组合机床的电气系统………………………………………………………………25
7.1 PLC梯形图的设计步骤……………………………………………………………… 25
7.1.1PLC梯形图的设计一般分为以下几个步骤 …………………………………… 25
7.1.2电气接线图和PLC程序的说明………………………………………………… 25
结论 ………………………………………………………………………………………… 28
致谢 ………………………………………………………………………………………… 29
参考文献及附录 …………………………………………………………………………… 30