汽车车灯控制系统设计

汽车车灯控制系统设计(论文15000字)
摘要：当今社会生产力的提高和人们生活水平的提升，使得汽车数量日益剧增。考虑到汽车夜间行驶的安全性，本文设计了一款基于STC89C52单片机控制的汽车远近光灯自动切换系统，增加了其灯光的智能性和行车安全性。该系统主要由光强检测电路、超声波测距电路、单片机MCU、开关检测电路、时钟复位电路和远近光灯转换电路组成。光强检测电路中的光敏电阻感知到周围环境的光线，将光强模拟信号通过A/D转换器转换成数字信号，并送入单片机中，单片机将相关数据分析处理后送入LCD1602液晶屏中显示光照强度。此时当光强低于光强阈值2时，近光灯自动打开；当光强低于光强阈值1时（光强阈值1<光强阈值2），这时再通过超声波测距电路来检测前方来车距离，若距离低于安全距离阈值时，则保持近光灯，若距离大于安全距离阈值时，则启动远光灯。通过上述功能来实现夜间行驶远近光灯自动切换，来尽量避免因为灯光切换问题导致的交通事故。
关键词：单片机；超声波传感器；光敏电阻；灯光自动切换
 
Design of Automobile Lamp Control System
Abstract：The improvement of the productivity of today's society and the improvement of people's living standards have led to an increase in the number of cars.Whenwereferto the security of the car driving at night, this paper designs an automatic converting system for the far and near light of the car based on the STC89C52 single-chip microcomputer control, which increases the intelligence of the light and the safety of driving. The system is mainly composed of a light intensity detecting circuit, a single chip MCU, a switch detecting circuit, a clock reset circuit and a Far and near light conversion circuit.When the photoresistor in the light intensity detection circuit is illuminated by the surrounding environment, the light analog signal is turned into a digitalsignal through an A/D converterand sent to the single-chip microcomputer. The single-chip computer analyzes the relevant data and sends it to the LCD1602 LCD to display the light intensity. At this time, when the light intensity is lower than a light intensity threshold2（light intensity threshold 2<light intensity threshold 1）, the low beam light is automatically turned on; when the light intensity is lower than alight intensity threshold1, then the ultrasonic distance measuring circuit is used to detect the distance of the preceding vehicle, if the distance is below a safedistance threshold , keep the low beam, if the distance exceeds the safedistancethreshold, start the high beam. Through the above functions, the lights can be automatically switchedinthenight to avoid traffic accidents caused by lighting switching problems.
Keywords：single chip microcomputer; ultrasonic sensor; photoresistor; automatic light switching
 

目录
1绪论    1
1.1研究意义    1
1.2研究现状    1
1.3发展趋势    2
1.4研究目的    2
2系统实现方案    2
2.1系统整体框架    2
2.2系统功能    3
3系统硬件设计    4
3.1 单片机引脚电路    4
3.1.1单片机的选择    4
3.1.2时钟电路    5
3.1.3复位电路    6
3.2超声波测距电路    7
3.3 LCD1602显示电路    8
3.4光强检测电路    9
3.4.1光敏电阻    9
3.4.2模数转换器    9
3.5远近光灯转换电路    11
3.6按键电路    12
3.7电源电路    13
4系统软件设计    14
4.1主程序设计    14
4.2光强检测子程序设计    16
4.3 LCD 1602显示子程序设计    17
4.4超声波测距子程序设计    18
4.5远近光灯转换子程序设计    19
5系统实现    20
5.1仿真实现    21
5.1.1电路原理图设计    21
5.1.2仿真调试及结果    22
5.2实物焊接及实现    24
5.2.1焊接过程    24
5.2.2调试过程    26
6总结与展望    30
参考文献    30
致谢    32