感应电机一种磁场观测器的设计

摘要

近年来，由于感应电机具有高功率密度、高转动惯量比、刚性结构、升速快、体积小和质量轻等特点，在工业领域得到了越来越广泛的应用。随着工业材料不断发展进步，而价格又不断降低，感应电机调速系统得到了人们广泛的重视。电力电子器件和微处理器的发展使感应电机调速控制系统摆脱了传统单一结构的束缚，向着更为高速化、智能化的方向发展。以DSP作为控制芯片，功能十分强大，运算速度很快，可以用来实现感应电机的高精度调速控制。

但是在感应电机的调速控制系统中，如何才能精确的使得转速和转矩能够快速精确的跟随，随着给定值的变化，输出能够快速的响应是衡量感应电机性能的一项关键指标。在当代交流电机迅速发展，大有完全取代直流电机之势的情形下研究提高感应电机的调速性能显得尤为重要。其中基于磁场定向的感应电机调速系统相较于其他调速系统已经显示出独特的优势，此时，磁场观测的准确性将会直接影响电机的性能。本文首先探讨了目前感应电机的基本控制方法，重点研究矢量控制的基本理论，说明在矢量控制中，电机磁链控制的地位和作用；其次探讨了电机磁场常见的检测方法，描述了各方法的优缺点；又设计了一种感应电机磁场开环和闭环观测方法，并且建立了相关模型；最后文章基于矢量控制系统，对所建立的磁链观测模型进行MATLAB建模，根据给定的仿真参数，进行仿真，分析仿真结果，仿真结果说明本文在本文建立的磁链观测模型下，感应电机能够快速响应，具有良好的动态和稳态性能。

 

关键词：感应电机；磁场定向控制；磁链观测；矢量控制；MATLAB

 

ABSTRACT

In recent years, due to the induction motor has high power density, high moment of inertia ratio, rigid structure, lifting speed, small volume and light weight characteristics, in the industry has been more and more widely used. With the continuous development of industrial materials, and the price is decreasing, induction motor speed control system has been widespread attention. The development of power electronic devices and microprocessors to induction motor speed control system get rid of the shackles of the traditional single structure, toward a more high-speed, intelligent direction. With DSP as the control chip, the function is very powerful, the computational speed is very fast and can be used to realize high precision speed control of induction motor control.

But in the induction motor speed control system, how to precisely makes torque and speed, and can fast accurate follow, with the changes in the value of a given. The output can fast response is a crucial measure of the performance of an induction motor. In modern AC motor rapid development is completely replace the DC motor of the potential to improve the performance of induction motor speed is particularly important. Which based on field oriented induction motor speed control system compared to other control system have shown unique advantages, at this time, the accuracy of magnetic field observations will have a direct effect on the machine performance. This paper first discusses the basic control method of induction motor, focus on the basic theory of vector control, in vector control, position and function ofmotor flux control; then discusses the common detection methods of magnetic field, describesthe advantages and disadvantages of various methods; and designed a magnetic induction motor open loop and closed loop the observation method, and builds a model of vector control system based on; finally, the MATLAB modeling of flux observation model established,simulation based on the simulation parameters, given the analysis of simulation results, the simulation results show that the flux model established in this paper, the induction motor has rapid response, good dynamic and steady state performance.

 

Key words: induction motor; field oriented control; flux observer; vector control; MATLAB

 

目录

摘要 1

ABSTRACT 2

1绪论 4

1.1研究背景 4

1.2感应电机发展及控制方法 4

2感应电机矢量控制原理 7

2.1感应电机的原理 7

2.1.1三相感应电机概述 7

2.1.2感应电机旋转磁场概述 7

2.1.3感应电机的工作原理 10

2.2矢量控制 10

2.2.1矢量控制概述 10

2.2.2矢量控制的原理 10

2.2.3感应电机的调速方法 12

2.2.4感应电机的数学模型 14

2.3空间矢量脉宽调制技术 16

2.3.1 SVPWM基本原理 16

2.3.2 SVPWM控制算法 18

3 磁场检测方法 19

3.1常见的磁场检测方法 19

3.2电压模型 19

3.3电流模型 20

3.4改进的磁链观测模型 21

4系统仿真研究 22

4.1 Matlab/Simulink仿真软件 22

4.2 SVPWM的软件仿真 22

4.3 矢量控制系统的软件仿真 25

4.3.1 坐标变换模块设计 25

4.3.2 电流内环设计调试 26

4.3.3 转速外环设计调试 27

4.4感应电机基于磁链估计系统仿真 28

4.2.1矢量控制系统的仿真模型 28

4.2.2转子速度推算模块 28

4.2.3滞环PWM发生器模块 30

4.2.4磁链估算模块 30

4.5仿真结果及分析 31

致谢 36

参考文献 37