基于单片机的远程抄表采集器的设计

基于单片机的远程抄表采集器的设计(任务书,开题报告,外文翻译,论文14000字)
摘要
如今，社会在不断发展，同时经济的水平也随之进步，小区住民他们每家每户的生活水平也呈现向上的整体趋势，人们日渐对自己所居住地点也提出了新的必需及所求。大体上可以概括为安全性高、衣食住行方便、居住环境舒适、生活方式健康等几个特点。此时，智能化社区便随之出现。安全的监视渠道趋向自动化，通信的实现手段趋向多样化，管理的媒介和主体趋向统一化也顺势成为智能化小区的几个主要特征。此时，对居民能耗表的自动抄收问题逐渐进入了人们的视野。逐步发展至今已经在工程计划中处在了举足轻重的地位。
本文在对国内以及若干发达国家在此方面的科研技术的研究基础上，设计出了以控制单片机为核心处理方式的远程抄表系统。该设计的优点体现在了对通信技术和单片机控制的交叉运用。由此使得对能耗表数据的采集、处理、传输并存储等工作得以智能化、一体化的实现。
为了准确地实现其对数据的采集功能以及与上位的通信要求，本文设计了以 STC89C52 为控制核心，搭配运用串行通信和无线通信的完整系统。

关键词：远程抄表  智能小区  单片机  串行通讯  无线模块

Abstract
With the development of social economy and the improvement of living standards, safety, comfort, convenience and health have become new requirements for people's living environment. It is precisely this kind of requirement that the intelligent community emerged and flourished. Safety automation, communication automation, and management automation are the three characteristics of intelligent communities. The automatic copying of water meters, electricity meters and gas meters, which embody the characteristics of intelligent community management automation, is one of the necessary import projects and plays an important role in engineering design. Automatic meter reading has changed the service method of manual meter reading in the past, and no one has checked the table. The property management company or the supply company collects and collects in the control center. It not only saves manpower and material resources, but also improves safety.
This paper is mainlyabout the development of kinds of meter reading remote system for developed resident. After learning related theories and techniques all over the world, within the actual situation of the community, a remote meter reading system depending on single-chip microcomputer controlling has been designed. Due to sensor technology, processing and transmission of meters, so that the data of each host can be accurately transmitted to the central control of the property company. Room for checking.
In order to accurately realize the water meter and the remote copying of the gas meter data, this paper designed the hardware design and software design of the system with STC89C52 as the control core and remote data acquisition function and data communication function.
Keyword: Remote meter-reading, Intelligent residential quarters,  microcomputer, Serial communication
 
主控芯片的选择
本设计中的主要部分就是要完成在一个楼层的四户住户间所使用的为了检测水表、电表、煤气表运行状态的一个采集器系统。其一方面通过总线方式直接与其管辖的四路计量表进行下位通信，并可以对其进行阀门控制。另一方面通过无线通信接口与物业管理中心的上位机通讯，将采集器从计量表采集到的数据传输给上位终端机。
 

目 录
第1章绪论    1
1.1 课题背景    1
1.2 国内外现状    2
第2章方案论证    5
2.1 总体系统的设计原则    5
2.2 系统功能确定    6
第3章硬件电路设计    7
3.1 主控控芯片的选择    7
3.1.1 单片机STC89C52    7
3.1.2 管脚说明    8
3.1.3 外部晶振的选择    9
3.1.4 复位电路    10
3.2 控制部分电路设计    10
3.3 脉冲产生部分电路    11
3.4 显示电路    12
3.5 上位通信电路    13
3.6 串口通信协议    17
第4章系统程序设计    18
4.1主体程序流程设计    18
4.2主从机程序分析    20
4.2.1模拟水表模块（从机）程序分析（以表A为例）    20
4.2.2主机（采集器）程序分析    23
4.3仿真与调试    27
4.3.1初始情况    27
4.3.2用水量的采集部分    27
结语    29
参考文献    30
致谢    32
附录A    33
附录B    34
附录C    42