基于单片机的电机调速系统设计(附电路图,元器件清单,程序清单)
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基于单片机的电机调速系统设计(附电路图,元器件清单,程序清单)(任务书,开题报告,论文15000字,电路图,元器件清单,程序清单)
摘要
在家用电器中,电机的应用也是普遍常见的,对电机进行数字化控制是电机控制未来发展的重要方式。目前,通过单片机对电机进行控制是最常见的数字控制手段。本文在实现单片机对直流电机、步进电机的相关控制——红外温控电风扇设计的过程中,主要研究了两种不同电机的调速原理——PWM控制、脉冲控制。主要完成了以下工作:
(1)针对PWM控制的原理研究了直流电机PWM调速控制的原理,分析了控制直流电机的PWM信号产生的方法,确定了产生PWM信号的方案。
(2)针对脉冲控制的原理研究了步进电机脉冲控制的原理,分析步进电机不同通电方式的特点,确定了步进电机脉冲控制励磁方式的方案。
(3)针对电机调速系统的设计方案进行了研究:根据电机间的特性分配它们各自的工作模块——直流电机实现风扇的功能,步进电机实现确定热源的功能;结合红外测温传感器的功能设定将两类电机的运动关联起来——成为系统重要的运动模块。
(4)将设定的各个功能模块联结起来,使它们成为一个能完成目标要求的整体,基于单片机的电机调速系统设计——红外温控电风扇。
本文特色:同时介绍了两类不同的电机调速原理,并且根据它们各自的特性,安排两个电机各自不同的工作,来实现不同的功能;与此同时,又借助系统功能的设定将它们联系起来,虽然实现的功能不同,但它们都是系统不可或缺的重要组成部分;借助目标温度的变化,直观地展示了不同调速控制原理的特色。
关键词:STC89C52RC;PWM;直流电机;脉冲控制;步进电机;MLX90614;LCD1602
Abstract
In the household appliances, the application of the motor is also common, the digital control of the motor is an important way to control the future development of the motor. At present, the control of the motor through the microcontroller is the most common means of digital control. In this paper, the realization of single-chip DC motor, stepper motor related control - infrared temperature control fan design process, the main study of two different motor speed regulation principle - PWM control, pulse control. Mainly completed the following work:
(1) The principle of PWM motor speed control for DC motor is studied for the principle of PWM control. The method of controlling PWM signal generation of DC motor is analyzed, and the scheme of generating PWM signal is determined.
(2) According to the principle of pulse control, the principle of stepper motor pulse control is studied, and the characteristics of stepping motor different power mode are analyzed, and the scheme of stepping motor pulse control excitation mode is determined.
(3) The design scheme of the motor speed control system is studied. According to the characteristics of the motor, their respective working modules - DC motor are used to realize the function of the fan. The stepper motor realizes the function of determining the heat source. Combining with the infrared temperature sensor The function setting associates the motion of the two types of motors - becoming an important motion module of the system.
(4) Being set to connect the various functional modules, so that they can become a complete goal to achieve the overall, based on the single-chip motor speed control system design - infrared temperature control fan.
The features of this article: this feature describes two different types of motor speed control principle, and according to their respective characteristics, the two motors of different work, to achieve different functions; at the same time, but also with the system function set them Link, although the realization of different functions, but they are an indispensable part of the system; with the target temperature changes, visually show the characteristics of different speed control principle.
Key Words: STC89C52RC; PWM; DC motor; pulse control; stepper motor; MLX90614; LCD1602
目录
第1章绪论 1
1.1 研究的背景和意义 1
1.2 研究的现状 1
1.3论文的主要内容和结构安排 1
第2章总体方案设计 3
2.1 系统主要功能 3
2.2 系统各模块硬件组成及其功能介绍 3
2.2.1 主控制器模块 3
2.2.2 风扇模块 4
2.2.3 热源追踪模块 4
2.2.4 温度采集模块 5
2.2.5 温度显示模块 5
第3章电机调速原理 7
3.1 PWM控制 7
3.1.1 PWM原理 7
3.1.2 PWM的产生 7
3.2 脉冲控制 9
第4章硬件电路设计 11
4.1 硬件电路总体设计 11
4.2 各模块硬件电路设计 12
4.2.1 主控制器模块 12
4.2.2 风扇模块 13
4.2.3 热源追踪模块 14
4.2.4 温度采集模块 15
4.2.5 温度显示模块 16
第5章软件程序设计 17
5.1 软件程序总体设计 17
5.2 子程序流程介绍 18
5.2.1 温度采集程序 18
5.2.2 温度显示程序 18
5.2.3 热源追踪程序 21
5.2.4 风扇程序 21
第6章系统演示 24
第7章总结与展望 27
7.1总结 27
7.2未来展望 28
参考文献 29
致谢 30