基于单片机的遥控小车系统设计

基于单片机的遥控小车系统设计(任务书,开题报告,论文12000字)
摘  要
现代科技飞速发展，人类社会对自动化的要求越来越高。而高速发展的智能化技术也渐渐可以满足人类社会的这种需求。无人驾驶汽车是现代化汽车发展的趋势，在不久的将来也必将进入实用阶段。遥控小车作为无人驾驶汽车的雏形，一直以来都是本科大学生研究的重点。本设计以单片机和无线遥控技术为基础，基于51单片机进行设计。在综合考虑各方面因素后，拟采用兼具易用性和多功能性的89C51单片机。本设计为实用型设计类课题。主要介绍如何用89C51单片机设计实现可以能够轻松自如地实现小车启动停止、左转、右转和前进后退、避障等功能的无线遥控小车。本系统根据设计题目的要求，以89C51单片机为控制核心。采用成熟的L298N芯片对小车电机进行驱动。利用蓝牙作为无线遥控模块进行通信控制。本设计软硬件系统完备可靠，能很好地通过遥控控制小车的启动以及停车、前后左右行进，以及避障行驶。整个系统电路结构简单，可靠性高。模拟仿真的结果满足要求。本文着重介绍系统的硬件设计方法等。
关键词：单片机；无线遥控技术；L298N。

Abstract
With the rapid development of modern science and technology, human society is   demanding more and more in automation, and the rapid development of intelligent technology is gradually able to meet this demand of human society. Driver-less car is the trend of modern vehicle development and will also enter the practical stage in the near future. Remote control car, as the prototype of unmanned vehicles, has been the focus of undergraduate college students’ study. The design is based on the micro-controller and wireless remote control technology as well as 51 micro-controller. After considering various factors, I decided to use the 89C51 micro-controller that adopted both ease of use and versatility. The design is for the class of practical design issues, mainly containing how to use 89C51 micro-controller to design and realize the function of being able to ease to achieve start and stop the car, turn left, turn right, forward and backward, obstacle avoidance and so on wireless remote control car functions. The system use 89C51 micro-controller as the core according to the design requirements of the subject, using sophisticated chip L298N to drive the motor, and the Bluetooth can be used as the communication control module, the design of system’s hardware and software is complete and reliable, the car can work very well by remote control to start and stop, traveling around, and do obstacle avoidance travel. The entire system is simple in circuit structure and high in reliability. Simulation results meet the requirements. This paper mainly describes the hardware design of the system.
Key Words：MCU; Wireless Remote Control; L298N
 

目录
摘  要    I
Abstract    II
第1章    绪论    1
1.1研究的背景及意义    1
1.2国内外研究现状    1
1.3论文研究内容概述    2
第2章 遥控小车子系统方案的论证与选择    4
2.1直流调速系统    4
2.1.1旋转变流机组    4
2.1.2静止可控整流器    4
2.1.3直流斩波器或脉宽调制变换器    4
2.2无线遥控系统    5
2.2.1 红外遥控系统    5
2.2.2无线电遥控系统    6
2.3  避障系统    6
2.3.1红外避障传感器    6
2.3.2超声波传感器    7
2.4  本章小结    7
第3章 遥控小车硬件设计    8
3.1 89c51单片机硬件结构    8
3.2 89C51单片机引脚及其功能    10
3.3 51单片机最小系统    11
3.4 系统运动控制部分设计    12
3.4.1 电机选型    12
3.4.2  L298N电机驱动芯片    12
3.5 蓝牙模块介绍    15
3.6 超声波模块介绍    15
3.7 本章小结    16
第4章 遥控小车软件设计    17
4.1 小车程序流程图    17
4.2 小车程序的主要模块    18
4.3 小车主要的子程序    20
4.4 本章小结    20
第5章 结论    21
参考文献    22
附录    23
系统的电路图    23
致谢    27