基于单片机的自动雨量计设计(附硬件原理图,实物图,程序清单)

基于单片机的自动雨量计设计(附硬件原理图,实物图,程序清单)(论文15000字,外文翻译,程序清单)
摘要：为了实现对降雨量的自动测量与实时显示，建立了自动雨量计系统。本文对该系统所采用的传感器、单片机最小系统电路、显示电路等进行阐述。首先，利用单片机搭建最小系统，由传感器采集雨量信号。接着将传感器采集到的模拟信号经由单片机内部的A/D转换器转换，实现模拟信号到数字信号的转换。然后将实时资料经驱动后显示在LCD屏幕上，达到降雨量实时测量显示的效果，当降雨量过大时，由单片机控制水泵将部分雨水抽出，在上次结果上继续测量。最后经实验阐明系统测量精度及误差来源。实验结果表明，该自动雨量计的测量精度为3%-21%。基本能够实现降雨量自动测量的要求，具有一定的实用价值。
关键词：单片机；传感器；A/D转换；降雨量

The Design of Automatic Pluviometer Based on SCM of STC
Abstract：In order to realize automatic measurement and real-time display of rainfall, an automatic rainfall gauge system is established. In this paper, the sensors used in the system, the minimal system circuit of single chip computer and the display circuit are described. Firstly, the minimum system is built by using single chip computer, and the rainfall signal is collected by sensors. Then, the analog signal collected by the sensor is converted to digital signal through the A/D converter inside the single chip computer. Then the real-time data will be displayed on LCD screen after driving to achieve the effect of real-time measurement and display of rainfall. When the rainfall is too large, the pump controlled by single-chip computer will extract part of the rainwater and continue to measure on the last result. Finally, the measurement accuracy and error sources of the system are illustrated by experiments. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the automatic rainfall gauge is 3%-21%. It can basically meet the requirement of automatic rainfall measurement and has a certain practical value.
Key words：SCM；water sensor；analog-to-digital conversion；precipitation
 

目 录
1  绪 论    1
1.1  研究意义    1
1.2  国内外研究现状    1
1.3  设计任务    3
1.4  研究内容    4
2  硬件设计    4
2.1  硬件总体设计    4
2.2  硬件器件选型    5
2.2.1  单片机STC12C5A60S2    5
2.2.2  water sensor水位传感器    5
2.2.3  LCD1602显示器    6
2.2.4  继电器与水泵    6
2.3  硬件各模块设计    7
2.3.1  单片机电路设计    7
2.3.2  传感器电路设计    8
2.3.3  显示电路设计    8
2.3.4  检测与控制电路设计    8
2.4  硬件设计总结    8
3  软件设计    9
3.1  主程序设计    9
3.2  A/D转换设计    10
3.3  显示程序设计    10
3.4  软件设计总结    11
4  软硬件测试及上电测试    11
4.1  硬件测试    12
4.2  硬件问题及解决办法    12
4.3  软件测试    12
4.4  软件问题及解决办法    12
4.5  上电测试    12
5  实验与总结    14
5.1  实验设计    14
5.2  误差分析    17
5.3  设计不足    17
5.4  设计总结    17
参考文献：    18
致谢    20