墨西哥水利工程的环境影响评估

墨西哥水利工程的环境影响评估(中文5000字,英文2800字)
[墨] 　塞西莉亚•托尔塔雅达
摘要: 墨西哥已建水利工程在数量方面处于领先地位。但是, 由于管理不当, 自然资源(其中包括水资源) 的耗损使绝大多数人的生活方式未得到明显改善。因此, 迫切需要改进水利部门的规划和管理方法。水利工程环境评估报告(EIS) 的质量亟需提高。
主题词: 水利工程环境影响; 环境影响评价; 水利管理; 已建工程; 墨西哥
0 　序言
墨西哥已建用于灌溉的水利工程数量占世界第7 位。水利部门的主要成就是配水和卫生服务的增加高于人口增长。正在建议公众水权登记制度,以确保水权在法律上的可靠性,促进水市场的发展。在农村, 到1996年中期, 政府已将全国330 万hm2 公共灌溉土地的86 %以上改为联合管理。
过去70 a 间,修建了1 270 座水库, 总库容150 km3 , 可进行季调节和年调节。700 多km长的输水管道, 输送水量超过36 m3Ps ,使7 000 万人受益。但是, 到1995 年, 仍有1500 万以上的人不能获得清洁饮用水, 还有3 000 万人没有卫生设施。此外, 全国还有400 万hm2 土地得不到灌溉, 70 %的水电资源尚未开发。

Mexico Water EIA
 [Ink]塞西莉亚托Ertayada
 Abstract: Mexico has established the number of water conservancy project in the forefront.  However, due to mismanagement of natural resources (including water) of the wear and tear to most people's way of life has not been significantly improved.  Therefore, the urgent need to improve water sector planning and management.  Water environmental impact assessment report (EIS) need to improve the quality.
 Keywords: Water environmental impact; Environmental impact assessment; water management; have works; Mexico
 0 Preamble
 Mexico has been built for the amount of irrigation water conservancy project in the first seven of the world.  The main achievements in water sector is the water distribution and sanitation services to increase more than population growth.  Public water rights are being proposed registration system to ensure water reliability in law the right to promote the development of water markets.  In the countryside, to the mid-1996, the government has the country 3.3 million hm2 public for more than 86% of irrigated land to the joint management.