轴的概述 Overview of shaft

轴的概述 Overview of shaft(中文3000字,英文2200字)
轴是机械中的重要零件之一。轴通常用于支承旋转件、传递运动和动力。在任一将动力从原件，如电机或发动机，传递到系统中其它旋转零件的机械系统中，轴都是必不可少的。旋转的机械零件安装在轴上，以保持定轴转动。
1.1轴的分类
根据轴的承载情况不同，轴可分为转轴、心轴和传动轴三类。
1.转轴
转轴用来沿着它的轴线传递转矩并支持旋转的机械零件。因为传递转矩时要连带发生传到轴上的力，例如齿轮轮齿上的力、带的拉力等，所以通常转轴除受转矩外，还受有横向力和弯矩。

Overview of shaft
A shaft is one of the most important components in machines. Shafts are used to support rotating elements and transmit rotational motion and power. It is integral to any mechanical system in which power is transmitted from a prime mover,such as an electric motor or an engine, to other rotating parts of the system. Rotating parts of machines are mounted on shafts which provide for a constant position of the axis of rotation of these parts.
1.1 Types of shafts
According to the loads exerted on shafts, the shafts can be classified into three types: shafts , axle, spindle.
1.Shafts
Shafts are members intended for transmitting a torque along their axes and for supporting rotating machine components. Since the transmission of torque is associated with development of forces applied to the shafts ,such as forces acting on the teeth of gear , belt tension etc. , shafts are usually subject to transverse forces and bending moments in addition to the torque.