机械设计基础

机械设计基础(中文4800字,英文2600字)
机械设计基础是指机械装置和机械系统——机器、产品、结构、设备和仪器的设计。大部分机械设计需要利用数学、材料科学和工程力学知识。
   我们对整个设计过程感兴趣。它是怎样开始的？工程师是不是仅仅坐在铺着白纸的桌旁就可以开始设计了呢？当他记下一些设想后，下一步应该做些什么？什么因会影影响或者控制着应该做出的决定？最后，这一设计过程是怎样结束的呢？
   有时，虽然并不总是如此，工程师认识到一种需要并且决定对此做一些工作时，设计就开始了。认识到这种需要，并用语言将其清楚地叙述出来，常常是一种高度创造性的工作。因为这种需要可能只是一个模糊的不满，一种不舒服的感觉，或者是感觉到了某些东西是不正确的。

Fundamentals of Mechanical Design
   Mechanical design means the design of things and systems of a mechanical nature—machines, products, structures, devices, and instruments. For the most part mechanical design utilizes mathematics, the materials sciences, and the engineering-mechanics sciences.
   The total design process is of interest to us. How does it begin? Does the engineer simply sit down at his desk with a blank sheet of paper? And, as he jots down some ideas, what happens next? What factors influence or control the decisions which have to be made? Finally, then, how does this design process end?
   Sometimes, but not always, design begins when an engineer recognizes a need and decides to do something about it. Recognition of the need and phrasing it in so many words often constitute a highly creative act because the need may be only a vague discontent, a feeling of uneasiness, of a sensing that something is not right.
   The need is usually not evident at all. For example, the need to do something about a food-packaging machine may be indicated by the noise level, by the variations in package weight, and by slight but perceptible variations in the quality of the packaging or wrap.