固体超强酸SO42-/Fe2O3-Al2O3催化合成丙酸异戊脂

固体超强酸SO42-/Fe2O3-Al2O3催化合成丙酸异戊脂(论文10000字,外文翻译)
摘  要
丙酸异戊酯一般情况下呈无色到淡黄色，作为一种酯，常温下它以液态的形式存在，它在水中微溶，在乙醚、乙醇中有一定溶解度，但是难溶于甘油和丙二醇中，它具有浓烈的洋梨果实的味道，如果浓度较高，则会有麻醉性，刺激性程度属于中等程度，它在自然界中的椒样薄和和可可豆中天然的存在。丙酸异戊酯是一种重要的化工原料，在食品工业上，丙酸异戊酯可以作为一种香料，还可以作为一种萃取剂和溶剂，用于溶解喷漆、清漆、树脂、氯丁橡胶、油墨、硝化纤维油漆、硝基纤维素，还可以作为一些有机合成的中间体。
本论文使用固体超强酸SO42-/Fe2O3-Al2O3做催化剂，以丙酸CH3CH2COOH和(CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH为原料合成丙酸异戊酯，并通过调整在合成的催化剂的过程中使用的铁和铝的摩尔比例、反应过程中使用的催化剂的质量、反应温度、反应时间、以及反应中使用的酸和醇的摩尔比例，来探究了解固体超强酸SO42-/Fe2O3-Al2O3催化剂对这个酯化反应产生的影响，在最后，找出合成丙酸异戊酯这个酯化反应中使用此催化剂时的最佳反应条件。经过实验以后，可以得到以下结论：固体超强酸SO42-/Fe2O3-Al2O3对丙酸异戊酯的合成反应的催化性能不错，制作的工序十分简便，和反应体系的分离也很简单，环境污染小，对设备造成的腐蚀程度小，后处理简便，并通过实验，可以得出结论，在此催化剂的催化条件下，最佳的反应条件应该是：使用Fe:Al=4:1的比来制作催化剂SO42-/Fe2O3-Al2O3，反应物的摩尔比例为醇:酸=2:1，使用丙酸质量3%的催化剂质量，在125℃条件下加热回流2个小时，使用10ml带水环己烷为带水剂，此时酯化率为69.4%。

关键词：固体超强酸  SO42-/Fe2O3-Al2O3 丙酸异戊酯  酯化

Synthesis of isoamyl propionate catalyzed by solid superacid SO42-/Fe2O3-Al2O3
Abstract
Isoamyl propionate is generally colorless to pale yellow. As an ester, it exists in liquid form at normal temperature. It is slightly soluble in water, has certain solubility in ether and ethanol, but is insoluble in glycerin and In propylene glycol, it has a strong taste of pear fruit. If the concentration is high, it will be anesthetic, and the degree of irritancy is moderate. It is naturally found in the thin peppers of nature and cocoa beans. Isoamyl propionate is an important chemical raw material. Isoamyl propionate can also be used as a fragrance. It can also be used as an extractant and solvent to dissolve spray paint, varnish, resin and chloroprene. Rubber, ink, nitrocellulose paint, nitrocellulose, can also be used as an intermediate in some organic synthesis.
In this thesis, solid superacid SO42-/Fe2O3-Al2O3 was used as a catalyst to synthesize isoamyl propionate from propionic acid CH3CH2COOH and (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH, and to adjust the molars of iron and aluminum used in the synthesis of the catalyst. The ratio, the mass of the catalyst used in the reaction, the reaction temperature, the reaction time, and the molar ratio of acid to alcohol used in the reaction, to investigate the effect of the solid super acid SO42-/Fe2O3-Al2O3 catalyst on this esterification reaction, Finally, the optimum reaction conditions for the synthesis of isoamyl propionate in the esterification reaction using this catalyst are found. After the experiment, the following conclusions can be drawn: the solid super acid SO42-/Fe2O3-Al2O3 has good catalytic performance for the synthesis reaction of isoamyl propionate, the preparation process is very simple, and the separation of the reaction system is also very simple, and the environmental pollution is small. The corrosion caused by the equipment is small, the post-treatment is simple, and through experiments, it can be concluded that under the catalytic conditions of the catalyst, the optimal reaction conditions should be: using Fe:Al=4:1 ratio to make Catalyst SO42-/Fe2O3-Al2O3 , the molar ratio of the reactant is alcohol: acid = 2:1, using a mass of 3% propionic acid catalyst, heating under reflux at 125 ° C for 2 hours, using 10 ml of water with cyclohexane It is a water-carrying agent, and the esterification rate is 69.4% at this time.
Key Words：Solid superacid；SO42-/Fe2O3-Al2O3；Isoamyl acetate；Esterification
 
目  录
摘  要    I
Abstract    II
第一章 绪论    1
1.1. 丙酸异戊酯在工业中的作用    1
1.2. 丙酸异戊酯的合成的研究现状    1
1.2.1. 用新型的催化剂来合成丙酸异戊酯    1
1.2.2. 固体超强酸的发展现状    2
1.2.3. 酯的合成原理    4
第二章 实验设计    5
2.1. 实验所需试剂与仪器    5
2.2. 合成所需要的固体超强酸催化剂    6
2.2.1. 沉淀-浸渍法    6
2.2.2. 金属盐热分解法    6
2.2.3. 固相法    6
2.2.4. 溶胶凝胶法    6
2.3. 催化剂SO42-/Fe2O3-Al2O3的合成    6
2.4. 合成丙酸异戊酯    7
2.4.1. 微波法合成丙酸异戊酯    7
2.4.2. 超声波法合成丙酸异戊酯    8
2.4.3. 加热回流法合成丙酸异戊酯    8
第三章 讨论分析    9
3.1. 对产物丙酸异戊酯的分析    9
3.1.1. 产物的红外光谱图    9
3.1.2. 对合成反应的影响因素的分析    10
3.1.3. 制作催化剂过程中铁铝配比的影响    10
3.1.4. 醇酸摩尔比    11
3.1.5. 催化剂质量    11
3.1.6. 反应温度    12
3.1.7. 反应时间    12
3.2. 实验总结    13
第四章 总结    14
参考文献    15
致  谢    16