自卸式多层有机肥发酵设计及其应用

自卸式多层有机肥发酵设计及其应用(论文10000字)
摘 要
生猪养殖是我国农业养殖的重要部分。猪粪的氨臭味会影响周边居民的生活环境，猪粪中大量的矿物元素也会使水体富营养化，还会使致病原菌等微生物生长以滋生蚊蝇传播疾病，所以猪粪作为畜牧养殖的废弃物如不妥善地进行处理，将极大地阻碍生态农业的可持续发展。同时，猪粪也是一种蕴含丰富氮磷钾的资源，如不进行回收利用，是对资源的巨大浪费。而堆肥法制作有机肥既是猪粪无害化处理的重要办法之一，也是回收利用猪粪的有效方法之一。因此，如何加快堆肥进程以提高猪粪等养殖废弃物的处理效率是目前需要迫切解决的问题。本课题设计一种自卸式多层有机肥高温固态发酵系统装置，解决现有的有机肥发酵装置处理效率低、占地面积大的问题，大大缩短发酵周期。
关键词：猪粪 有机肥 堆肥发酵 发酵系统
 
Abstract
Pig breeding is an important part of agricultural breeding in China. Pig ammonia smell will affect the surrounding residents living environment. A large number of mineral elements in pig manure can also make water body eutrophication, and also cause pathogenic bacteria and other microorganisms to grow to breed mosquito and fly-borne diseases. Therefore, if pig manure is not properly treated as livestock husbandry waste, it will greatly hinder the sustainable development of ecological agriculture. At the same time, pig manure is also a resource rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The composting method is not only one of the important methods for the harmless treatment of pig manure, but also one of the effective methods for the recycling of pig manure. Therefore, how to speed up the composting process to improve the efficiency of pig manure and other breeding wastes is an urgent problem to be solved. A self-unloading multi-layer organic fertilizer high temperature solid-state fermentation system was designed to solve the problems of low efficiency and large area of existing organic fertilizer fermentation devices, and greatly shorten the fermentation cycle.
Key words: Pig manure; Organic fertilizer; Composting fermentation; Fermentation system

目  录
摘 要    II
Abstract    III
目  录    IV
第一章 前言    6
1.1畜禽粪便危害及处理    6
1.1.1对水体的危害    6
1.1.2对空气的危害    7
1.1.3对土壤的危害    7
1.1.4无害化处理    7
1.2有机肥及其作用    7
1.2.1有机肥对作物产量的作用    8
1.2.2有机肥对作物品质的作用    8
1.2.3有机肥对防治土传病害的作用    8
1.3有机肥发酵技术    8
1.4有机肥发酵罐    9
1.4.1发酵罐组成及其工作原理    9
1.4.2发酵罐发酵的优点    10
第二章 工艺设计与计算    11
2.1预处理系统    11
2.1.1预处理的必要性    11
2.1.2粉碎机选型    12
2.1.3搅拌机选型    13
2.2物料提升系统    15
2.2.1一级斗式提升机选型    15
2.2.2二级斗式提升机选型    15
2.3发酵系统    16
2.3.1发酵系统三视图    16
2.3.2有机肥发酵罐设计    17
2.4排水系统    18
2.4.1水分控制对堆肥发酵的必要性    18
2.4.2排水装置的选用    19
2.5绞龙输送系统    19
第三章 总结    20
3.1结论    20
3.2展望    20
参 考 文 献    21
致 谢    24