装有SMA弹簧支撑的框架结构减震分析

装有SMA弹簧支撑的框架结构减震分析(任务书,开题报告,论文21000字)
中文摘要
结构振动控制是土木工程中非常重要的一种的抗震措施。近年来，一种新型智能材料——形状记忆合金（简称SMA）被应用到被动控制的耗能减振装置中。作为一种形状记忆合金材料器件，SMA弹簧不仅具有SMA材料本身的超弹性和形状记忆性，还具有阻尼耗能性以及自复位能力。虽然在弹簧的制作、力学模型的建立上还有一些问题有待解决，但随着加工工艺的不断成熟和力学性能研究的不断进步，其在结构振动控制中的应用前景十分良好。为此本文提出了一种新型的SMA弹簧支撑，以探究其对框架结构的减震效果。
本文首先通过热加工工艺训练出了SMA弹簧并且确立了弹簧的参数。由于SMA弹簧不能直接借用SMA丝的本构模型，为此本文开展了SMA弹簧在不同位移幅值往复荷载下的拉伸试验，总结了弹簧加卸载路径变化规律并提出了SMA弹簧的力位移关系现象模型。利用MATLAB软件对现象模型中每段曲线拟合并求出了表达式中的相关参数。最后为了验证模型的有效性，对比分析了模型的计算结果和试验结果。
本文建立了一个带SMA支撑的二层钢框架力学仿真模型，制作了一个与之相应的二层框架试验模型。利用振动台试验验证了仿真模型的有效性。设立了“无控”和装有SMA弹簧支撑两种工况，选用了一种地震波来探究SMA弹簧支撑对框架结构的减震效果。最终结果表明SMA弹簧支撑对框架结构具有非常明显的减震效果，因此本文提出的SMA弹簧支撑可以应用到实际框架结构的减震控制中去。
关键词：形状记忆合金，SMA弹簧，振动台试验，减震控制

Abstract
Structural vibration control is a very important seismic measure in civil engineering.In recent years, a new type of intelligent material, shape memory alloy (SMA), has been applied to passively controlled energy dissipation vibration absorber.As a material device of shape memory alloy, SMA spring not only has the superelasticity and shape memory of SMA material itself, but also has the damping energy dissipation and self-resetting ability.Although there are still some problems to be solved in the manufacture of spring and the establishment of mechanical model, with the continuous maturity of machining technology and the continuous progress of mechanical property research, its application prospect in structural vibration control is very good.Therefore, a new type of SMA spring support is proposed in this paper to investigate the damping effect of SMA spring support on frame structures.
In this paper, SMA spring is trained by thermal processing and its parameters are determined.Because SMA spring cannot directly borrow the constitutive model of SMA wire, this paper carried out the tensile test of SMA spring under reciprocating load with different displacement amplitude, summarized the change law of spring loading and unloading path, and put forward the phenomenon model of force displacement relationship of SMA spring.The correlation parameters in the expression are obtained by using MATLAB software to fit each section of curves in the phenomenon model.Finally, in order to verify the validity of the model, the computational results and experimental results of the model are compared and analyzed.
In this paper, a mechanical simulation model of two-story steel frame supported by SMA is established, and a corresponding test model of two-story steel frame is made.The validity of the simulation model is verified by shaking table test.Two working conditions of "no control" and SMA spring support are set up. A seismic wave is selected to explore the damping effect of SMA spring support on frame structure.The result shows that SMA spring support has very obvious damping effect on frame structure, so the SMA spring support proposed in this paper can be applied to the damping control of actual frame structure.   
Key words: shape memory alloy, SMA spring, shaking table test, damping control

目录
中文摘要    I
Abstract    II
第1章绪论    1
1.1引言    1
1.2结构振动控制简介    1
1.3 SMA材料特性    2
1.4 SMA弹簧    3
1.4.1影响SMA弹簧性能的因素    3
1.4.2 SMA弹簧本构模型的建立    4
1.5 SMA在土木工程结构振动控制中的应用    5
1.6 论文主要研究内容    6
第2章 SMA弹簧的制作与力位移关系模型的建立    7
2.1 SMA弹簧的制作    7
2.1.1 试验材料特性    7
2.1.2 SMA弹簧的制作及其参数的确定    7
2.2 SMA弹簧拉伸试验    9
2.2.1变峰值荷载作用下的循环加载    9
2.2.2阶梯荷载作用下的循环加载    10
2.2.3复杂荷载作用下的循环加载    11
2.3 SMA弹簧力位移关系模型的建立    12
2.4 SMA弹簧力位移关系模型参数的确定    13
2.5 SMA弹簧力位移关系模型与试验结果对比    18
2.6本章小结    20
第3章带SMA弹簧支撑框架结构的仿真与试验模型设计    21
3.1 SMA弹簧支撑框架结构的仿真模型    21
3.1.1仿真模型的建立    21
3.1.2 框架力学模型动力方程的建立与求解    21
3.2 SMA弹簧支撑框架结构试验模型    24
3.2.1框架试验模型的几何参数    24
3.2.2框架模型的动力学参数    25
3.2.3 SMA弹簧支撑装置参数的确定    26
3.3试验仪器设备的基本信息    26
3.4试验方案的确定    27
3.5本章小结    27
第4章带SMA弹簧支撑框架结构的振动台试验与仿真分析    28
4.1振动台试验    28
4.1.1工况一    28
4.1.2工况二    28
4.2仿真计算    29
4.2.1工况一    29
4.2.2工况二    29
4.3仿真计算结果与试验结果的对比    30
4.4减震效果分析    32
4.5本章小结    33
第5章结论与展望    34
5.1结论    34
5.2展望    35
参考文献    36
致谢    39