基于AHP的评价模型在南方电网物资属性优化中的应用研究(硕士)

基于AHP的评价模型在南方电网物资属性优化中的应用研究(硕士)(论文31000字)
Study of The evaluation model based on AHPapplication in the southern power grid material attribute optimization research
摘  要
对物资进行科学分类是物资管理中的一项重要工作，物资的分类就是根据物资管理的实际需要并根据所管理物资的某些特性对其进行分组的过程。物资管理部门借助物资的分类可采取相应的管理措施，以达到降低物流成本提高经济效益和管理水平的目的。
属性指事物所具有的某种性质，引用到物资中是指能够体现某个物资特征的一系列要素。物资的分类是根据特定的属性项（或特征项）划分物资，随着对物资属性项（或特征项）的不断提取，属性项（或特征项）所包含的属性内容也越来越多，虽然属性内容的增多能对描述物资提供更多有用的信息，但它的无限增加也给物资管理及其效益增加负担。同时，物资属性与研究对象之间存在复杂关系，从物资生产、供应、采购以及管理角度而言，物资属性的敏感程度不尽相同，即使对同一类物资，不同的属性对物资的敏感程度也有明显差异，因此须对提取出的大量属性进行优化选。
本文首先综述了电力物资分类的基本方法，包括先分类法、面分类法和混合分类法，物资属性优化研究的方法，包括专家会议法和基于AHP评价模型等。经过对比分析各种算法后，采用混合分类法进行物资分类，基于AHP评价模型进行分析。确定满足电力物资分类和属性优化的数学模型，优化过程包括全生命周期内采采购及投资成本计算等。本文用客观赋权的AHP法的组合确定指标最优权重,通过评价指标的筛选和理性分析, 构建全面发展综合评价指标体系。
最后通过以配电变压器和低压电线为例，将模型运用于进行基本分类和属性优化得出寻优结果，为南网物资采购目录研究提供理论支撑。

关键词：电力物资；属性；混合分类；层次分析法（AHP）

Abstract
    Scientific classification of materials is an important work in material management. The classification of materials is based on the actual needs of material management and the process of grouping according to some characteristics of the material. Material management department can take the corresponding management measures to reduce logistics cost and improve the economic benefit and management level.
Some properties of the attributes refer to things, refer to the material refers to a series of elements can reflect the characteristics of a material. Material classification is based on the specific attributes (or features) of the material, with the continuous extraction of material attributes (or feature items), the attribute items (or feature items) are more and more attributes, although the increase in the content of the property can provide more useful information, but it also adds to the unlimited supply of material management and its benefits. At the same time, there is a complex relationship between the material properties and the research objects. The sensitivity of the material property is not the same, even for the same kind of material.
Firstly, this paper summarizes the basic method of electric power material classification, including the method of classification, classification and classification, and the method of the optimization of material properties, including expert meeting method, hierarchical optimization method, and the comprehensive development evaluation model based on AHP- standard. After comparing and analyzing all kinds of algorithms, using the mixed classification method to classify the material, the comprehensive development evaluation model based on AHP- standard deviation is analyzed. To determine the mathematical model for the optimization of the classification and properties of power supplies, including the purchase and investment cost calculation of the whole life cycle. In this paper, the optimal weights of indexes are determined by the combination of the standard deviation method and the subjective weighting method, and the comprehensive evaluation index system is constructed through the screening and rational analysis of the evaluation index.
Finally, the model is applied to the basic classification and attribute optimization to provide the theoretical support for the south network material procurement catalog..

Keywords: Electric power material; attribute; hybrid classification; analytic hierarchy process (AHP)
 
目  录
摘  要    I
Abstract    II
1 绪论    1
1.1研究背景与意义    1
1.1.1研究背景    1
1.1.2选题意义    1
1.2研究发展现状    2
1.2.1国家电网物资目录    2
1.2.2南方电网物资目录    6
1.2.3铁路物资目录    8
1.2.4 IBM全球目录系统    9
1.3研究原则及技术路线    9
1.3.1研究原则    9
1.3.2研究技术路线    10
1.4主要研究内容    11
2物资的分类研究    12
2.1物资的分类    12
2.1.1基本分类方法    12
2.1.2物资分类方法的确定    16
2.1.3物资分类示例    24
3物资属性优化研究    32
3.1属性优化原则    32
3.2基本属性优化方法    32
3.2.1专家会议法    33
3.2.2层次分析法（AHP）    33
3.2.2.2    34
4评价模型的运用    38
4.1专家会议法优选    38
4.2层次分析法辅助分析    41
5低压电线    45
5.1建立属性提取层次模型    45
5.2层次分析法（AHP）    46
5.2.1构造属性提取判断矩阵    46
5.2.2层次单排序和一致性检验    47
5.2.3层次总排序和一致性检验    47
5.3标准离差法    47
5.3.1标准差和权重    47
层次总排序    48
5.4确定组合权重    49
6物资采购目录清单编制    51
6.1物资目录清单设计    51
6.2物资目录清单规模的确定    52
6.3物资目录清单编制示例    53
7物资采购目录    58
7.1物资目录框架    58
7.2物资目录规模的确定    59
7.3物资目录编制示例    60
8总结和展望    71
8.1总结    71
8.1.1物资分类是物资采购目录管理研究的重要基础    71
8.1.2物资属性优化是物资采购管理研究的核心内容    71
8.1.3物资采购目录是物资采购目录研究成果的具体表现形式    71
8.2展望    71
8.2.1维持物资采购目录研究的连续性    71
8.2.2继续推进物资采购目录研究成果的规范化和标准化    72
8.2.3多方参与，加强协作，共同完善物资采购目录研究成果    72
8.3不足    72
参考文献    73
致谢    77