细颗粒物检测仪的设计

细颗粒物检测仪的设计(任务书,论文15000字)
摘要
在社会发展的同时，人类的社会文化也取得了很大的进步，但是在进步的同时也带来了负面的影响。颗粒物的产生给环境带来了很大的影响。颗粒物的主要来源有自然源和人为源。自然源主要有土壤扬尘、海盐等。而人为源由固定源和流动源组成，固定源包括各种燃料源，如发电、石油、等各种工业过程、排热过程燃气或燃煤燃烧排放的烟尘。流动源则主要是交通工具排放的尾气。根据颗粒物直径大小可以分为TSP、PM10、PM2.5。粒径小于100微米称为TSP，即总悬浮物颗粒；直径小于10微米的颗粒被称为PM10，也被称作可吸入颗粒物；直径小于2.5微米的颗粒物被称为PM2.5，也被称作吸入肺颗粒物。全国科学技术名词审定委员会于2013年2月将PM2.5的中文名定为细颗粒物，因此本次设计的检测仪主要检测的就是PM2.5。PM2.5可由化石燃料（煤、石油等）和垃圾的燃烧所产生的硫和氮的化合物转化而成。另外在室内，二手烟是最重要的来源。从在2012年联合国环境规划署公布的《全球环境展望5》中了解到每年由于颗粒物污染就导致近200万人过早的死亡。因此如何检测并预防这样的事情发生是目前较为重要的事情，从而本次的设计也就显得重要。
本次课题设计是以STC90C52单片机为控制中心，通过使用GP2Y1010AU0F粉尘传感器进行数据采集，然后通过AD转换器进行AD转换，再将数值传入单片机，由单片机控制输出到显示屏和无线发射模块，当数值达到一定的值时触发蜂鸣器报警。本次使用的显示屏是LCD1602液晶屏，无线发射模块则采用的是nRF24L01+模块。从结果来看，该系统电路能够实现对身边空气质量进行实时性的检测具有一定的实用价值。
关键词：PM.5  单片机  粉尘浓度  传感器

Design and implementation of air fine particulate matter detector
Abstract
While social development, human social culture has made great progress, but at the same time, progress has also had a negative impact. Particle generation on the environment is a big influence. The main sources of particulate matter have natural sources and anthropogenic sources. Natural sources include soil dust, sea salt. The anthropogenic source stationary and mobile sources of fixed source comprises a variety of fuel sources, such as power generation, petroleum, and other industrial processes, process heat or gas fired combustion exhaust smoke. Mobile sources are mainly vehicle exhaust emissions. The particle diameter can be divided into TSP, PM10, PM2.5. Particle size less than 100 microns called TSP, ie, total suspended particles; particle diameter less than 10 microns is called PM10, also known as respirable particulate matter; diameter of less than 2.5 micron particles are called PM2.5, also known lung particles for inhalation. National Science and Technology Terminology Committee in February 2013 will be the Chinese name as PM2.5 fine particulate matter, so this detector is designed to detect major PM2.5. PM2.5 can be transformed by compound which is formed by fossil fuels (coal,oil,ect.)and waste generated by the combustion of sulfur. Also in the interior, second-hand smoke is the most important source. Learned from the United Nations Environment Program in 2012 published "The Global Environment Outlook 5" due to particulate pollution has led to nearly 200 million people each year die prematurely. So how to detect and prevent this from happening is the more important things, so that this design also important.
        The design is based on the subject STC90C52 microcontroller for the control center, data acquisition using GP2Y1010AU0F dust sensor, then the AD conversion by the AD converter, then the value of the incoming microcontroller, the microcontroller is controlled by the output to the display and a wireless transmitter module, when buzzer alarm is triggered when the value reaches a certain value. The display uses the LCD1602 LCD screen, a wireless transmitter module is used is nRF24L01 + module. From the results, the system circuit can be realized on the side of the real-time air quality testing has some practical value.
Key Words: PM2.5；single-chip；dust concentration；transducer 
 

目录
摘要    I
Abstract    II
第一章 概述    1
第二章 硬件及电路    4
2.1、电路设计框图    4
2.2、系统概述    4
2.3、主控芯片    5
2.4、A/D转换模块    7
2.5、显示模块    8
2.6、传感器    9
2.7、无线传输模块    10
第三章 程序设计及软件应用    11
3.1、主程序设计    11
3.2、Keil的应用    12
3.3、proteus的应用    14
3.4、子函数的设计    15
第四章 问题与分析    26
4.1、出现的问题    26
4.2、结果分析    27
第五章 总结与展望    29
参考文献    31
致谢    33