一种直流电机闭环调速系统的设计
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一种直流电机闭环调速系统的设计(论文11000字)
摘要： 随着电子技术的不断技术进步,单片机得到了越来越广泛的运用,也带动了传统控制检测方式的更新。本文设计了一种直流电机转速控制系统,硬件部分包括光电测速模块、直流电机驱动L298N模块、直流电机、液晶LCD12864、STC12C5A60S2单片机、蓝牙模块、5V直流电源。软件部分包括单片机下位机软件和手机上位机应用软件。系统通过手机按键设定电机期望转速和比例积分微分(PID)系数，当光电传感器通过码盘测得的转速与设定值不一致时，通过下位机的闭环PID算法来调整单片机输出的脉冲宽度调制波形。实验测试表明：通过蓝牙，手机可以设置期望转速，成功实现电机的正反转，转速在20-60r/s范围内，控制误差小于±3r/s.
关键词：PID控制算法；单片机；Android
A DC Motor Closed - loop Speed Regulating System
Abstract：With the continuous penetration of computers in the social field, The application of single-chip become more and more widely, and also led to the improvement of the traditional control detection update. This paper describes the design of a DC motor speed control system, the hardware part includes photoelectric tachometer module, DC motor drive module, DC motor, L298N LCD12864, STC12C5A60S2 LCD MCU and Bluetooth module, 5V DC power supply. The software part includes MCU, lower computer software and mobile phone host computer application software. The system through the mobile phone buttons to set the desired speed motor and proportional integral differential (PID) coefficient, as measured by the photoelectric sensor encoder speed and the set value is inconsistent, pulse width modulated waveform by PID closed-loop machine to adjust the output of the microcontroller. Experimental results show that through Bluetooth, the mobile phone can set the desired speed, and the motor can achieve positive and negative rotation. The speed is within the range of 20-60r/s, and the control error is less than + 3r/s.
Key words: PID control algorithm; SCM ; Andrews
目 录
1前言 1
1.1 课题研究背景 1
1.2 相关技术现状及发展趋势 1
1.3 直流电机控制方式 2
2设计目标 3
3系统设计与方案论证 3
4系统硬件模块选择与方案实现 5
4.1 系统主控单片机的选择 5
4.2 电机及测速模块的选择 5
4.3 电机驱动模块的选择 6
4.4 无线模块的选择 6
4.5 输入交互和显示模块的选择 6
4.5.1 输入交互 6
4.5.2 显示模块 7
5系统功能原理 8
5.1 测速 8
5.2 PID算法 8
5.3 PWM(脉宽调制) 11
5.4 串口通信部分 14
5.5 上位机部分 15
5.5.1 项目总体设计 15
5.5.2 开发环境 15
5.5.3 设计基本思路 16
5.5.4 蓝牙串口程序说明 16
5.5.5 系统构架 17
5.5.6 应用程序使用流程 17
6实验步骤 18
7实验结果分析 21
结语 22
参考文献 23
致谢 24