用FPGA设计可编程单路开关电源(新)

摘    要
八十年代，国内开关电源只在个人计算机、电视机、等若干设备上得到应用。由于开关电源在重量、体积、用铜用铁及能耗等方面都比线性电源和相控电源有显著减少，而且对整机多相指标有良好影响，因此它的应用得到了推广。近年来有许多领域，例如电力系统、电邮通信、军事装备、交通设施、仪器仪表、工业设备、家用电器等都越来越多应用开关电源，取得显著效益。究其原因，是新的电子元器、新电磁材料、新变换技术及新控制理论不断出现并应用到开关电源的缘故。这些因素使开关电源更上一层楼。使开关电源达到了频率高、效率高、功率密度高、功率因素高、可靠性高。这样一来开关电源就具有更强的竞争实力，应用也更为扩大，反过来又遇到更多的问题更实际的要求。1955年美国罗耶（GH.Roger)发明的自激振荡推挽晶体管单变压器直流变换器，是实现高频转换控制电路的开端，1957年美国查赛（Jen Sen)发明了自激式推挽双变压器，1964年美国科学家们提出取消工频变压器的串联开关电源的设想，这对电源向体积和重量的下降获得了一条根本的途径。到了1969年由于大功率硅晶体管的耐压提高，二极管反向恢复时间的缩短等元器件改善，终于做成了25千赫的开关电源。
本论文通过对可编程单路开关电源的研究，从理论到实践，采用对比分析、实证分析、定量分析等方法，分析研究开关电源设计的工作原理和结构，随着开关电源在计算机、通信、航空航天、仪器仪表及家用电器等方面的广泛应用, 人们对其需求量日益增长, 并且对电源的效率、体积、重量及可靠性等方面提出了更高的要求。开关电源以其效率高、体积小、重量轻等优势在很多方面逐步取代了效率低、又笨又重的线性电源。因此，开关电源以小型、轻量和高效率的特点被广泛应用于以电子计算机为主导的各种终端设备、通信设备等几乎所有的电子设备，是当今电子信息产业飞速发展不可缺少的一种电源方式。

关键词：现场可编程门阵列(FPGA);开关电源；PWM；VHDL语言

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FPGA design with one-way programmable switching power supply

Abstract
1980s, the only domestic power switch in personal computers, television sets, and other equipment on a number of applications. Since switching power supply in the weight, size, with copper and iron, and other aspects of energy consumption than linear power and control of a significant reduction in power, but also a good indicator multiphase effects, so it's got a promotion. In recent years there are many areas, such as the power system, e-mail communications, military equipment, transport facilities, instrumentation, industrial equipment, household appliances and so more and more applications switch power, has made significant efficiency. The reason for this is a new e-yuan, the new electromagnetic materials, new technology and transform the new control theory and application of emerging power of reason to switch. These factors make switching power supply a higher level. Power to switch to a high frequency, high efficiency, high power density, high power factor, high reliability. Such a switch to power on a stronger competitive strength and more applications are expanding, in turn, has encountered more problems more practical requirements. 1955 American La Ye (GH.Roger) since the invention of the transistor oscillation push-pull single transformer DC converters, is to achieve high-frequency conversion control circuit beginning in 1957 the U.S. investigation (Jen Sen) self-invented the push-pull Two-transformer, 1964 U.S. scientists have proposed abolition of the frequency of the series switching power supply transformer, as envisaged in this power to the volume and weight of the decline was a fundamental way. 1969 due to the power of silicon, raising pressure, the diode reverse recovery time shortened, and other components improve, and finally made a 25 kHz switching power supply.
        In this paper, through the programmable one-way switch power research, from theory to practice, a comparative analysis, empirical analysis and quantitative analysis methods, analysis of the switching power supply design principle and structure, with the switching power supply in the computer, communications , Aerospace, instruments and household appliances such as the widespread application of the growing demand for its people, and the efficiency of the power, size, weight and reliability in a higher demand. Switching power supply for its high efficiency, small size, light weight, and other advantages in many areas gradually replace the inefficient and Youben You-linear power. Therefore, switching power supply to small, lightweight and highly efficient characteristics are widely used in electronic computer-driven variety of terminal equipment, communications equipment, and so almost all the electronic equipment, is the rapid development of electronic information industry indispensable to a Power approach.

Key Words： field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)； switching power supply; PWM; VHDL language

目    录  13500字
摘    要 I
Abstract II
引    言 1
1 开关电源的概述 2
1.1 开关电源的概述 2
1.1.1 开关电源的基本概念 2
1.1.2 开关电源的特点 3
1.2开关电源的现状和发展方向 4
1.2.1 开关电源的现状 4
1.2.2 开关电源的发展方向 5
1.3 课题意义 6
1.4课题的主要工作 7
2 方案设计 8
2.1系统组成 8
2.2 FPGA的简介及选型 8
2.2.1 FPGA简介 8
2.2.2 FPGA原理 9
2.2.3 FPGA与CPLD比较 9
2.2.4 FPGA的选择 9
2.3 FPGA芯片APA150 及其介绍 9
2.3.1 ProASIC Plus系列产品的主要特点如下 9
2.3.2内部结构和工作原理 10
2.3.3 管脚功能和主要参数 12
2.3.4 APA150具有如下优点 14
2.4系统各部分的功能 14
3系统硬件软件设计 15
3.1 软件介绍及使用 15
3.2 软核Nios CPU 16
3.3 调节器算法(PI或PID) 18
3.4 PWM生成电路 19
3.5开关电源的硬件设计 20
4 调试及结果 21
4.1 调试电路 21
4.2 结果 21
结    论 22
参考文献 23
致    谢 24