北京市居民生存压力的缓解途径和社会信心的形成机制研究(硕士)

北京市居民生存压力的缓解途径和社会信心的形成机制研究(硕士)(论文36000字)
Research for Measures to Relieve the Survival Stress and Form the Social Confidence of Beijing Residents
摘要
随着经济的高速发展和产业结构转型的加快，人们在物质生活和精神生活上都有了极大的提高。然而，居民在享受生活的同时，工作和生活中所承受的压力也越来越大。近年来，关于居民生活压力的报道屡屡出现于网络、电视、报纸等媒体。所以对于生存压力和社会信心的研究已经成为了一种趋势，而如何研究也成为了一项挑战。
本文根据对生存压力和社会信心相关文献的总结，结合实际利用人们在社会生活中对各方面在过去、现在、将来三个时态上的评价，来确定个人的生存压力程度和社会信心程度。本文对于生存压力程度和社会信心程度的确定采用了全新的计算流程。首先通过收集到的数据计算出个人的生存压力指数和社会信心指数，然后进一步根据核密度估计的思想，估计生存压力和社会信心的概率密度，进而得出居民总体生存压力指数和社会信心指数的估计值，接着本文对于计算得到的个人生存压力指数和社会信心指数进行合理区间的界定，这样有助于个人清楚地认识自身的压力和信心情况；除此之外本文还使用了决策树的方法，生成了一颗关于判断生存压力和社会信心是否合理的决策树，目的是为个人提供一种利用个人情况来预测压力和信心情况的方法，有利于个人及时判断是否需要缓解生存压力和提升社会信心；通过上述探索，探究社会压力和信心的影响因素，最终得出从社会方面和个人方面如何缓解生存压力和形成社会信心的方法。
研究生存压力和社会信心对于社会的和谐发展有着重要的作用，高强度的压力很容
易导致个人的不健康发展，进而对社会生活环境产生消极影响，甚至会完全失去社会信 心，产生犯罪等极端行为。个人的恶性发展将会影响人们对社会的信心，最终会导致社 会的不健康发展。缓解生存压力和提升社会信心可以在一定程度上避免上述情况的出现， 对于我们经济的蓬勃发展、社会的和谐稳定及居民的安居乐业都有着重要的意义。
关键词：生存压力；社会信心；核密度估计；决策树

Abstract
With the development of the economy, people have made great changes in material and spiritual life. However, the impact of this change is enormous, the social mobility is greatly accelerated, and the increasingly fierce social competition is a major influence. Nowadays, residents enjoy more and more stress in their work and life while enjoying life. In recent years, reports on the stress of residents' lives have frequently appeared on the Internet, television, newspapers and other media. Therefore, research on survival stress and social confidence has become a trend, and how to study has become a challenge.
Based on a summary of the relevant literature on the stress of survival and social confidence, the paper combines the past, present, and future tenses to collect assessments of people’s various aspects of social life, and finally determine the degree of personal stress and The degree of confidence. This paper uses a completely new calculation process for the determination of stress level and confidence level. Firstly, the individual's survival stress index and social confidence index are calculated through the collected data. Then, based on the idea of nuclear density estimation, the probability density of survival stress and social confidence is estimated, and the overall survival stress index and social confidence index of residents are obtained. In the end, this paper defines the reasonable interval for the calculated personal survival stress index and social confidence index, which helps the individual to clearly understand their own stress and confidence. In addition, this paper also uses the decision tree method. A decision tree for judging the stress of survival and social confidence has been generated. The purpose is to provide individuals with a way to use their personal circumstances to predict the stress and confidence. Through the above exploration, the influencing factors of social stress and confidence are explored. Find out how to ease the stress of survival and form social confidence from the social and personal aspects.
Studying the stress of survival and social confidence has an important role to play in the harmonious development of society. Relieving the stress of survival and enhancing social confidence can prevent the emergence of extreme events in society. It is important for the flourishing development of our economy, the harmony and stability of society, and the peaceful and stable life of residents.
Key Words:Survival Stress; Social Confidence; Nuclear Density Estimation; Decision Tree

目录
第 1 章 绪论 ............................................................. 1
1.1 研究背景和选题意义 ................................................ 1
1.2 国内外关于生存压力和社会信心研究的述评 ............................ 2
1.2.1 生存压力 ..................................................... 2
1.2.2 社会信心 ..................................................... 3
1.2.3 生存压力和社会信心之间的关系 ................................. 4
1.3 研究思路 .......................................................... 5
1.4 创新点 ............................................................ 6
1.5 文章结构 .......................................................... 7
第 2 章 生存压力缓解与社会信心形成的研究基础 ............................. 8
2.1 理论基础 .......................................................... 8
2.1.1 生存压力的界定 ............................................... 8
2.1.2 社会信心的界定 ............................................... 8
2.2 研究方法 .......................................................... 9
2.2.1 问卷调查法 ................................................... 9
2.2.2 时态差值法 ................................................... 9
2.2.3 核密度估计 .................................................. 10
2.2.4 决策树 ...................................................... 11
2.3 数据基础 ......................................................... 11
2.3.1 问卷的形成方式 .............................................. 11
2.3.2 问卷的相关内容 .............................................. 11
2.3.3 问卷的发放方式 .............................................. 12
第 3 章 生存压力缓解和社会信心形成的数据处理 ............................ 13
3.1 数据清洗 ......................................................... 13
3.2 数据审核 ......................................................... 13
3.2.1 问卷信度检验 ................................................ 13
3.2.2 问卷效度检验 ................................................ 14
3.3 样本分析 ......................................................... 14
3.4 本章小结 ......................................................... 16
第 4 章 生存压力指数与社会信心指数的测算 ................................ 17
4.1 生存压力和社会信心的形成机制 ..................................... 17
4.2 测算个人生存压力和个人社会信心的指数 ............................. 18
4.2.1 个人指数测算模型 ............................................ 18
4.2.2 个人生存压力指数的实证测算 .................................. 20
4.2.3 个人社会信心指数的实证测算 .................................. 21
4.3 测算总体生存压力和总体社会信心的指数 ............................. 23
4.3.1 总体指数测算模型 ............................................ 23
4.3.2 居民总体生存压力指数的实证测算 .............................. 23
4.3.3 居民总体社会信心指数的实证测算 .............................. 26
4.4 本章小结 ......................................................... 28
第 5 章 生存压力指数与社会信心指数的合理区间 ............................ 29
 5.1 生存压力和社会信心的相关性 ....................................... 29
5.1.1 相关性描述 .................................................. 29
5.1.2 秩相关检验及计算相关系数 .................................... 30
5.2 生存压力指数的界限确定 ........................................... 33
5.2.1 计算生存压力指数的上限 ...................................... 33
5.2.2 计算生存压力指数的下限 ...................................... 35
5.2.3 生存压力指数的合理区间 ...................................... 37
5.3 社会信心的合理界限 ............................................... 37
5.4 生存压力和社会信心的联合区间 ..................................... 39
5.5 本章小结 ......................................................... 41
第 6 章 生存压力的缓解和社会信心的形成 .................................. 42
6.1 生存压力的缓解途径 ............................................... 42
6.1.1 缓解生存压力的人群 .......................................... 42
6.1.2 影响生存压力的因素 .......................................... 43
6.1.3 缓解生存压力的政策建议 ...................................... 44
6.2 社会信心的形成机制 ............................................... 46
6.2.1 提升社会信心的人群 .......................................... 46
6.2.2 影响社会信心的因素 .......................................... 47
6.2.3 形成社会信心的政策建议 ...................................... 48
6.3 本章小结 ......................................................... 49
结论及展望 ............................................................. 50
参考文献 ............................................................... 52
附录 A 北京市居民生存压力与社会信心调查问卷 ............................. 54
致谢 ................................................................... 59