初中物理部分演示实验的改进探讨(硕士)

初中物理部分演示实验的改进探讨(硕士)(论文24000字)
摘  要
物理实验教学是初中物理教学的主要部分之一，是全面推行素质教育，实现初中物理课程目标，提高初中生综合素质的主要方式。物理课堂演示实验教学是初中物理实验教学的核心，是学生对物理知识获得直观认识的重要方式，也是让学生建立和掌握物理概念规律的有效途径。实践表明，课堂演示实验在初中物理教学中占有非常重要的位置。
在过去的物理教学中，我们对学生的观察能力、动手能力和思考能力的培养的重视程度不够，这与初中物理课堂上演示实验教学有很大关系。随着社会的不断进步，新课程标准对初中物理知识的要求更高了，对学生掌握物理知识程度要求更灵活了，而初中物理教材中的一些演示实验却没有随之改变，所以初中物理课堂演示实验的改进的研究就很有必要。
本文共有六章内容，从四个部分来研究：
第一部分，本文研究的背景意义。论文分析了国内外物理演示实验的研究现状，讨论了国内目前关于该问题研究中存在的不足，根据物理教学论和新课程理念，确定了本文的研究目标和内容，并提出了本文的研究的思路和方法。
第二部分，实验改进的原则和思路。根据研究内容，确定了初学物理演示实验改进的基本原则：目的性、科学性、侧重性、实效性、进步性等；提出了演示实验的改进思路。
第三部分，改进部分演示实验的实践。这一部分是本文的核心，结合了初中物理力学、电学以及光学部分常见的课堂演示实验改进的案例进行研究，重点介绍了几个典型案例的具体改进，比如“探究二力平衡条件”、“瓶‘吞’蛋实验”、“探究电流与电压电阻的关系”、“平面镜成像特点”等，并将改进后的实验方案应用于初中物理教学中，讨论了改进后的效果。
第四部分，总结与展望。这部分对本课题研究进行了简要总结：概括了物理演示实验改进的规律，分析了本研究存在的问题和不足，拟定了今后的研究计划等。

关键词：初中物理；实验教学；演示实验；实验改进；新课程标准 
 
Abstract
Physical experiment teaching is one of the main parts of physics teaching in junior middle school. It is the main way to carry out the quality education and achieve the goal of junior high school physics course and improve the comprehensive quality of junior high school students. Physics classroom demonstration experiment teaching is the core of the junior middle school physics experiment teaching, the student to the physical knowledge for intuitive understanding is important way, also is to let students establish and effective way to grasp the law of physics concept. Practice shows that classroom demonstration experiment occupies a very important position in junior middle school physics teaching.
In the past in the physics teaching, we to student's observation ability, practical ability and the cultivation of thinking ability of importance is not enough, this has to do with the junior middle school physics demonstration experiment teaching in the class has a lot to do. Along with the advance of society, the greater demands of the new curriculum standards for junior high school physics knowledge, for students to grasp the physical knowledge required degree more flexible, and some demonstration experiment in junior middle school physics teaching material did not change, so the junior middle school physics classroom demonstration experiment to improve study is very necessary.
There are six chapters in this paper, from four parts:
The first part is the background meaning of this paper. Paper analyzes the physics demonstration experiment research status at home and abroad, discussed the domestic to the defects of current research about the problem, according to the theory of physics teaching and the new curriculum concept, determine the research goal and the content of this article, and puts forward the research ideas and methods of this article.
The second part, the principle of experimental improvement and thinking. According to the research content, the basic principles of the experimental improvement of elementary physics are determined: purpose, science, emphasis, effectiveness, progress, etc. The improvement idea of demonstration experiment is put forward.
The third part, the improvement part demonstration experiment's practice. This part is the core of this article, combined with the junior middle school physics mechanical, electrical and optical part common classroom demonstration experiment to improve the case study, mainly introduced several typical cases of specific improvements, such as "second force balance condition", "bottle swallow eggs experiment", "to explore the relationship between current and voltage resistance", "flat mirror imaging characteristics", etc., and the improved experiment scheme was applied to the junior middle school physics teaching, discusses the effect after improvement.
The fourth part, summary and prospect. This part briefly summarizes the research of this subject, summarizes the laws of the improvement of physical demonstration experiment, analyzes the existing problems and shortcomings of this research, and draws up future research plans.

Key words: middle school physics；experiment teaching；demonstrative experiment； experiment improvement; new curriculum standard

目  录
摘要    i
Abstract    ii
第1章 绪论    1
1.1 引言    1
1.2 本文研究的理论基础    1
1.3本文研究的背景    2
1.4 国内外研究现状    3
1.5 本文研究的目标和内容    6
1.6本文研究的思路和方法    6
第2章 实验改进的原则和和思路    8
2.1 中学物理实验改进的原则    8
2.2 物理实验改进的思路    10
第3章 改进力学部分演示实验的实践    12
3.1 力学演示实验的改进的要点    12
3.2 几个力学演示实验的改进实践    12
3.3 力学部分演示实验改进的总结    18
第4章 改进电学部分演示实验的实践    19
4.1电学演示实验改进的关键因素    19
4.2几个电学演示实验改进实践    19
4.3电学部分实验改进的总结    23
第5章 改进光学部分演示实验的的实践    24
5.1光学演示实验的改进注意事项    24
5.2 几个光学演示实验的改进实践    24
5.3光学部分演示实验改进的总结    29
第6章 总结与展望    30
参考文献    31
致谢    34