论在汉译英中主语的选择-以张培基《英译中国现代散文选》为例

论在汉译英中主语的选择-以张培基《英译中国现代散文选》为例(论文5000字)
Analysis on the Selection of Subject in Chinese-English Translation --Take the Example of Selected Modern Chinese Essays by Zhan Peiji
摘要
    翻译是两种语言间相互转换的语言活动。在汉译英中，我们面临的任务之一是选择合适的词做主语。然而，由于英汉语言间存在较大差异，我们在汉译英过程中选择主语并不容易。汉英主语在形式和构句方面存在差异，而且汉语注重话题而英语注重主语。本文从对这些差异的分析入手，通过对张培基《英译中国现代散文选》的学习以及本人自身的实践和总结，在汉译英主语选择方面提出了一些方法和建议。一、保留原文主语作译文主语，二、选择原文的其他句子成分作译文主语，三、在译文中增补主语，四、减少改变主语。进而得出结论。在汉译英选择主语时，我们应该现在英美人的思维方式上考虑，结合英语的语言习惯，充分理解原文，运用一些技巧选择合适的主语。

关键词：汉译英;主语的选择;英汉主语的差异;张培基;英译中国现代散文选

Abstract

    Translation is a language activity of transforming between two languages. In the process of Chinese-English translation, choosing the suitable words as subjects is one of the tasks people facing with. However, it's not easy for people to choose subjects in Chinese-English translation because of the differences between Chinese and English. The subjects of Chinese and English have differences in forms and sentence structure. Furthermore, Chinese is topic-prominent language and English is subject-prominent language. This thesis begins with these differences, puts up some methods and advises about how to choose a suitable subjects through learning Selected Modern Chinese Essays by Zhang Peiji and the author own practices and conclusion. First, keeping the subjects of the original sentences. Second, choosing other constituents of the original sentences. Third, replenishing new subjects for the translation. Fourth, reducing of changing the subjects. And then, the writer shows the conclusion that it should be considered the mode of thinking in western countries, combining with the English language habits, fully understanding the origin text, and use some skills to choose the appropriate subjects.
 
Key words: Chinese-English Translation；the choice of subjects；the differences of subjects in English and Chinese；Zhang Peiji；Selected Modern Chinese Essays

Contents
Abstract    II
1．Literature Review    1
1.1 Existing Researches on this Topic    1
1.2 Purposes and importance of the study    1
2. Differences between Chinese and English Subjects    2
2.1  In Forms    2
2.2 Topic-prominent Language vs. Subject-prominent Language    2
2.3 In Sentence Structure    3
3. Methods of Choosing the Subjects in Chinese-English Translation    3
3.1 Keep the Subjects of the Original Sentences    3
3.2 Choose other constituents of the Original Sentences    4
3.2.1 Choose the Objects to be the Subjects    5
3.2.2 Choose the Adverbials to be the Subjects    5
3.2.3 Choose the Attributives to be the Subjects    6
3.2.4 Choose the Predicates to be the Subjects    6
3.3 Replenish New Subjects for the Translation    7
3.3.1 Replenish the Suppressed Subjects of the Original    7
3.3.2 Replenish the Impersonal Pronoun “It”    8
3.4 Reduce of Changing the Subjects    8
4. Conclusion    9
Bibliography    11
Acknowledgements    12