C6140车床数控化改造之机械系统改造摘要+目录
文章内容
摘要
机床工业是机器制造业的重要部门，是使现代化工业生产具有高生产率和先进的技术经济指标的保证。设计机床的目标就是选用技术先进、经济效果显著的最佳可行方案，以获得更高的经济效益和社会效益。
车床C6140数控化的改造是对我国现阶段生产车床的先进技术和数字控制技术的应用。其主要对机械传动部分、CNC系统的设计和对电动机的选择。进给运动采用步进电机开环控制系统，对主轴转速进行数字控制，从而实现机床的完全数字化。在加工过程中实现变速，满足在加工过程中，不同加工精度范围对转速的要求。数控系统采用廉价的单片机控制技术，以满足普通加工机床对价格的要求。本次设计的重点及难点：机械方面在于数控机床的主传动，由于车床为满足不同的加工要求，对机床的极数要求较为严格，对于较高精度的加工要求，部件的受力变形和热变形对主轴加工精度产生较大的影响，对传动的方式需进行一些调整和改造。数字控制技术方面，利用单片机技术知识，而要完成较多的端口部件的控制。改造后，使机床的技术性能达到要求，确保数控设备高精度、高性能、高效率的优点，满足各种通用加工的需要。
关键词：步进电机 单片机 主传动 受力变形 热变形
Abstract
Machine tool machine manufacturing industry is an important sector, is to make a modern industrial production with high productivity and advanced technical and economic indicators guarantee. The design goal is to use machine with advanced technology, a significant economic effect the best possible program to achieve greater economic and social benefits.
CNC Lathe C6140-oriented transformation of China's advanced technology at the present stage of production lathes and digital control technology applications. The main part of the mechanical transmission, CNC system design and the choice of the motor. Feed motion using open-loop stepper motor control system for the spindle speed digital control machine tools in order to achieve the complete digitalization. During processing to achieve speed to meet in the processing process, different range of machining accuracy of the speed requirements. CNC system uses low-cost MCU control technology, to meet the general requirements of machine tools for the price. This is designed to focus and difficulty: Mechanical aspects of CNC machine tools is the main drive, as lathe to meet different processing requirements, very few tools more stringent requirements for high precision machining requirements, components of the force-deformation and thermal deformation of the spindle machining accuracy have a greater impact on the drive way in need of some adjustment and reform. Digital control technology, the use of microcomputer technology, knowledge, and to complete more control over the port component. After the transformation, so that the machine's technical performance to meet the requirement to ensure that high-precision numerical control equipment, high-performance, high-efficiency advantages, to meet the needs of a variety of general-purpose processing.
Keywords: stepper motor microcontroller main drive force-deformation heat distortion
目 录
前言 1
1.总体设计方案 10
1．1对机床改造的方案 10
1．2实现的目标 11
2.传动系统的改造 12
2．1机械部分的数控化改造 12
2．2进给传动系统的改造 12
2．2．1改造要求 12
2．2．2进给机构的改造 13
2．2．3导轨副的改造 13
2．3纵向（Ｘ向）进给系统改造 13
2．3．1改造要求及目标 13
2．3．2纵向进给系统的设计 14
2．3．3切削力的计算 14
2．3．4滚珠丝杠设计计算 15
2．3．5有关齿轮计算 17
2．3．6转动惯量的计算 18
2．3．7所需转动力矩的计算 18
2．4横向（Y向）进给系统设计与计算 19
2．4．1切削力计算 20
2．4．2滚珠丝杠设计计算: 20
2．4．3齿轮及转矩的计算： 21
2．4．4转动惯量的计算 22
2．4．5所需转动力矩的计算 23
3 步进电机的选择 25
3．1步进电机选用的基本原则 25
3．2步进电机的选择 26
4．分析误差来源 27
4．1机械结构原因 27
4．2齿轮副误差补偿分析 27
4．3滚珠丝杠副误差补偿分析 27
结论 28
致谢 29
参考文献 30
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山东大学本科生毕业设计（论文）
1
机床工业是机器制造业的重要部门，是使现代化工业生产具有高生产率和先进的技术经济指标的保证。设计机床的目标就是选用技术先进、经济效果显著的最佳可行方案，以获得更高的经济效益和社会效益。
车床C6140数控化的改造是对我国现阶段生产车床的先进技术和数字控制技术的应用。其主要对机械传动部分、CNC系统的设计和对电动机的选择。进给运动采用步进电机开环控制系统，对主轴转速进行数字控制，从而实现机床的完全数字化。在加工过程中实现变速，满足在加工过程中，不同加工精度范围对转速的要求。数控系统采用廉价的单片机控制技术，以满足普通加工机床对价格的要求。本次设计的重点及难点：机械方面在于数控机床的主传动，由于车床为满足不同的加工要求，对机床的极数要求较为严格，对于较高精度的加工要求，部件的受力变形和热变形对主轴加工精度产生较大的影响，对传动的方式需进行一些调整和改造。数字控制技术方面，利用单片机技术知识，而要完成较多的端口部件的控制。改造后，使机床的技术性能达到要求，确保数控设备高精度、高性能、高效率的优点，满足各种通用加工的需要。
关键词：步进电机 单片机 主传动 受力变形 热变形
Abstract
Machine tool machine manufacturing industry is an important sector, is to make a modern industrial production with high productivity and advanced technical and economic indicators guarantee. The design goal is to use machine with advanced technology, a significant economic effect the best possible program to achieve greater economic and social benefits.
CNC Lathe C6140-oriented transformation of China's advanced technology at the present stage of production lathes and digital control technology applications. The main part of the mechanical transmission, CNC system design and the choice of the motor. Feed motion using open-loop stepper motor control system for the spindle speed digital control machine tools in order to achieve the complete digitalization. During processing to achieve speed to meet in the processing process, different range of machining accuracy of the speed requirements. CNC system uses low-cost MCU control technology, to meet the general requirements of machine tools for the price. This is designed to focus and difficulty: Mechanical aspects of CNC machine tools is the main drive, as lathe to meet different processing requirements, very few tools more stringent requirements for high precision machining requirements, components of the force-deformation and thermal deformation of the spindle machining accuracy have a greater impact on the drive way in need of some adjustment and reform. Digital control technology, the use of microcomputer technology, knowledge, and to complete more control over the port component. After the transformation, so that the machine's technical performance to meet the requirement to ensure that high-precision numerical control equipment, high-performance, high-efficiency advantages, to meet the needs of a variety of general-purpose processing.
Keywords: stepper motor microcontroller main drive force-deformation heat distortion
目 录
前言 1
1.总体设计方案 10
1．1对机床改造的方案 10
1．2实现的目标 11
2.传动系统的改造 12
2．1机械部分的数控化改造 12
2．2进给传动系统的改造 12
2．2．1改造要求 12
2．2．2进给机构的改造 13
2．2．3导轨副的改造 13
2．3纵向（Ｘ向）进给系统改造 13
2．3．1改造要求及目标 13
2．3．2纵向进给系统的设计 14
2．3．3切削力的计算 14
2．3．4滚珠丝杠设计计算 15
2．3．5有关齿轮计算 17
2．3．6转动惯量的计算 18
2．3．7所需转动力矩的计算 18
2．4横向（Y向）进给系统设计与计算 19
2．4．1切削力计算 20
2．4．2滚珠丝杠设计计算: 20
2．4．3齿轮及转矩的计算： 21
2．4．4转动惯量的计算 22
2．4．5所需转动力矩的计算 23
3 步进电机的选择 25
3．1步进电机选用的基本原则 25
3．2步进电机的选择 26
4．分析误差来源 27
4．1机械结构原因 27
4．2齿轮副误差补偿分析 27
4．3滚珠丝杠副误差补偿分析 27
结论 28
致谢 29
参考文献 30
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??
??
??
山东大学本科生毕业设计（论文）
1