低电压治理(硕士)

低电压治理(硕士)(论文34000字)
Low voltage control
摘  要
我国农村电网低电压问题严重,影响了农民生活,抑制了农村的发展。究其原因发现,造成电压质量下降的主要原因是系统无功功率不足或无功功率分布不合理。因此要对症下药,解决农网低电压问题。查阅相关文献,研究目前电网中进行电压无功控制采用的理论和设备,及电压无功调节控制的新方法新思路。采用模糊无功调节判据的九区图控制策略,解决了部分区域调节振荡问题,能够在保持电容器调节次数和无功补偿效果不变的情况下,更有效地保持电压稳定和减少有载分接开关的调节次数。因此,本文选用模糊边界九区图控制策略来进行电压无功控制,并据此设计了一种调压型无功补偿装置,以某县级供电公司辖区66kV变电站为试点,将该装置投入使用,现场运行结果分析表明,该装置的应用提高了变电站的功率因数。针对低电压问题,提出变电站、线路、VQC的电压无功控制策略。介绍了其中部分关键的技术实现,包括：变电站电压无功控制,即采用调压型无功补偿装置对变电站进行无功补偿；10kV线路调压器控制,即在10kV线路中后段安装调压器,以提高供电半径较长线路中后段电压水平；有载调压配变调压控制,即在配变处安装智能调压控制器,以改善线路末端电压水平下降严重的状况。通过现场运行结果分析证明,采用电压无功控制策略可有效改善农网低电压问题,以最大程度保证低电压用户端电压满足电压合格范围。
关键词：电压无功控制；配电网；九区图控制策略；VQC

Abstract
China's rural power grids and the serious problem of low voltage affected the farmers' life, inhibit the development of the countryside. The reason is found that the main cause of quality deterioration in voltage is the insufficient system reactive power and reactive power distribution is not reasonable. To suit the remedy to the case, therefore, solving the problem of rural electric low voltage. Consulting relevant literature, the research has been carried out in the grid voltage reactive power control using the theory and equipment, a new method of reactive power and voltage regulation control new ideas. Fuzzy control strategy of reactive power regulation criterion of nine area chart, solve the problem area of regulating oscillation, to adjust the number and keep capacitor reactive power compensation under the condition of invariable effect, keep voltage stability more effectively and reduce the number of the regulation of on-load tap-changer. Therefore, this article chooses the fuzzy boundary nine area chart control strategy for reactive voltage control, and designs a pressure regulating type reactive power compensation device, in a county area of 66 kv substation power supply company as the pilot, will be put into use, the device field operation results show that the application of the device to improve the power factor of the substation. For rural electric low voltage problems, puts forward the substation, lines, with VQC of the reactive voltage control strategy. Introduces some key technology, including: transformer substation reactive voltage control, that is, a reactive power compensation using pressure regulating device for substation reactive power compensation; 10 kv line voltage regulator control, i.e., installed after the period of the 10 kv line voltage regulator, in order to improve the power supply radius in a long line of the voltage level; on-load voltage regulator with variable pressure regulating control, the intelligent pressure regulating controller at with variable, in order to improve the end of the line voltage levels drop. Through the analysis of the field operation results show that the wattless voltage control strategy can effectively improve rural electric low voltage problems, to maximize the chance that the low voltage terminal voltage meet voltage range.
Keywords: Wattless voltage control; distribution network; nine zone diagram control strategy;VQC

目  录
摘  要    I
Abstract    II
目  录    IV
第1章 绪论    1
1.1研究背景及其意义    1
1.1.1低电压现状    2
1.1.2方案的理论和实践依据    4
1.2电压无功控制理论概述    5
1.2.1 电压无功控制的意义    5
1.2.2 电压无功控制的目标    6
1.2.3 电压无功控制装置理论概述    7
1.2.4 无功补偿原则    8
1.3本文研究内容    9
第2章电压无功综合控制策略的选择    10
2.1电压无功综合控制的实现方法    10
2.2 VQC的意义    12
2.2.1 VQC在监控后台的实现    12
2.2.2 VQC逻辑原理    13
2.3基于九图区的电压无功控制策略    13
2.3.1  9区图的定义    13
2.3.1 VQC的调节方式    13
2.3.2 9图区的策略制定    14
2.3.2 9图区的改进    14
2.4 VQC的定值整定    15
2.4.1 Umax、Umin的整定    15
2.4.1 无功Qmax、Qmin的整定    15
第3章电力系统的电压调整    16
3.1有功、无功功率传输对电压水平的影响    16
3.2负荷无功功率与电压水平    17
3.2.1负荷的电压静态特性    17
3.2.1电压水平    18
3.3改变电网无功功率分布    18
3.3.1逆变型分布式电源的控制与特性    18
3.3.2改变电网参数    19
3.4电压调整    19
3.4电压计算的几个指标    20
3.4.1电压损耗和电压偏移    20
3.4.2电压调整    21
3.4.3电压合格率与调压合格率    21
第4章 基于FACTS技术的无功补偿技术    23
4.1柔性交流输电技术简介    23
4.1.1定义    23
4.1.2 FACTS技术与电力电子技术    24
4.2基于FACTS技术的无功补偿技术    24
4.2.1基于半控型器件的无功补偿装置    24
4.2.2基于全控型器件的无功补偿装置    26
4.2.3发展前景比较    29
第5章 基于模糊理论的电压无功优化控制    30
5.1电压无功分区优化控制    32
5.2控制原则和控制方案    32
5.2.1控制原则    33
5.2.2控制方案    33
5.3电压无功综合控制的实现方法    34
5.4以往的电压无功控制策略的分析    35
5.4.1 现行控制策略的分析    35
5.4.2现行控制策略存在的问题    36
5.5电压无功综合控制的新策略    36
5.6 引入模糊理论后的控制策略    38
第6章 结论与展望    40
6.1本文的主要结论    40
6.2进一步研究工作的展望    41
参考文献    43
致  谢    46